Tumor necrosis as a poor prognostic predictor on postoperative survival of patients with solitary small hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Correlation of tumor necrosis with patients’ clinicopathological features in primary small hepatocellular carcinomas

Characteristics	Cases	Necrosis (−)	Necrosis (+)	P value^a
Gender				0.555
Male	295	155 (52.5%)	140 (47.5%)
Female	40	23 (57.5%)	17 (42.5%)
Age (years)				0.694
≤ 48.0^b	166	90 (54.2%)	76 (45.8%)
> 48.0	169	88 (52.1%)	81 (47.9%)
AFP (ng/ml)				0.485
≤ 20	139	77 (55.4%)	62 (44.6%)
> 20	196	101 (51.5%)	95 (48.5%)
ALT (μ/l)				0.504
≤ 40	192	99 (51.6%)	93 (48.4%)
> 40	143	79 (55.2%)	64 (44.8%)
Tumor size (cm)				0.026
≤ 2.5^c	188	110 (58.5%)	78 (41.5%)
> 2.5	147	68 (46.3%)	79 (53.7%)
Differentiation				0.675
Well	56	32 (57.1%)	24 (42.9%)
Moderate	208	111 (53.4%)	97 (46.6%)
Poor-undifferentiated	71	35 (49.3%)	36 (50.7%)
Vascular invasion				0.003
Absent	255	147 (57.6%)	108 (42.4%)
Present	80	31 (38.8%)	49 (61.3%)
Envelope				0.872
Absent	214	113 (52.8%)	101 (47.2%)
Present	121	65 (53.7%)	56 (46.3%)
Liver cirrhosis				0. 166
Absent	201	113 (56.2%)	88 (43.8%)
Present	134	65 (48.5%)	69 (51.5%)

^aChi-square test; ^bMedian age; ^cMedian size; AFP indicates alpha-fetoprotein; ALT indicates alanine aminotranferease

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