Table 2 The mechanisms of evasion in the identified prostate cancer clusters and the potential immunotherapies to circumvent immune evasion
Cluster | Mechanism of Evasion | Potential Immunotherapies |
|---|---|---|
Cluster 1 | Counterattack: DcR3 Ignorance | Anti-DcR3 Sipuleucel-T/DC-vaccines |
Cluster 2 (Gleason 7) | Impaired antigen presentation/low activation of CTL Tolerance: CTLA4, PD-1 Counterattack: DcR3 | Sipuleucel-T/DC-vaccines Anti-CTLA4, anti-PD-1 Anti-DcR3 |
Cluster 3 (Pathologic T3 & T4 Gleason score ≥ 8) | Tolerance: CTLA4, PD-1 Ignorance | Anti-CTLA4, anti-PD-1 Sipuleucel-T/DC-vaccines |
Cluster 4 (Gleason score ≥ 8) | Tolerance: CTLA4 Ignorance | Anti-CTLA4 Sipuleucel-T/DC-vaccines |
Cluster 5 | Ignorance | Sipuleucel-T/DC-vaccines |
Cluster 6 | Tolerance: CTLA4 Counterattack: DcR3 Ignorance | Anti-CTLA4 Anti-DcR3 Sipuleucel-T/DC-vaccines |
Cluster 7 (Gleason score 7) | Ignorance | Sipuleucel-T/DC-vaccines |
Cluster 8 | CTLA4 Ignorance | Anti-CTLA4 Sipuleucel-T/DC-vaccines |