Association of type 2 diabetes mellitus and antidiabetic medication with risk of prostate cancer: a population-based case-control study

Table 3 Odds ratios and 95% CIs for risk of prostate cancer according to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) status and T2DM medications

Dependent variables	Controls	Cases	Model 1¹		Model 2²
Dependent variables	N = 154,812	N = 31,415	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
T2DM
no DM	129,847	27,229	Ref		Ref
T2DM	24,965	4186	0.80	(0.77–0.83)	0.81	(0.78–0.84)
Duration of T2DM (years)
no DM	129,847	27,229	Ref		Ref
< 1	1306	307	1.12	(0.99–1.27)	1.15	(1.01–1.30)
1 - < 5	5983	990	0.79	(0.74–0.84)	0.81	(0.75–0.86)
5 - < 10	6862	1144	0.79	(0.74–0.85)	0.81	(0.76–0.86)
10 - < 20	7724	1269	0.78	(0.73–0.83)	0.79	(0.75–0.84)
20	3090	476	0.73	(0.66–0.81)	0.73	(0.67–0.81)
Duration of Insulin (years)
no DM	129,847	27,229	Ref		Ref
0.5 - < 3	2370	335	0.67	(0.59–0.75)	0.68	(0.60–0.76)
3 - < 5	1498	208	0.67	(0.58–0.77)	0.69	(0.60–0.80)
5	4323	645	0.71	(0.65–0.77)	0.72	(0.66–0.79)
Missing	16,774	2998
Duration of high-dose Metformin (years)
no DM	129,847	27,229	Ref		Ref
0.5 - < 3	6339	1010	0.76	(0.71–0.82)	0.77	(0.72–0.83)
3 - < 5	2450	410	0.80	(0.72–0.90)	0.82	(0.74–0.91)
5	2117	376	0.86	(0.77–0.96)	0.87	(0.78–0.98)
Missing	14,059	2390
Duration of low-dose Metformin (years)
no DM	129,847	27,229	Ref		Ref
0.5 - < 3	10,069	1588	0.75	(0.71–0.80)	0.77	(0.72–0.81)
3 - < 5	3926	663	0.80	(0.74–0.87)	0.82	(0.75–0.89)
5	1918	343	0.85	(0.76–0.96)	0.87	(0.77–0.97)
Missing	9052	1592
Duration of SU (years)
no DM	129,847	27,229	Ref		Ref
0.5 - < 3	2604	369	0.68	(0.61–0.76)	0.68	(0.61–0.76)
3 - < 5	1402	216	0.72	(0.62–0.83)	0.72	(0.62–0.83)
5	1903	293	0.74	(0.66–0.84)	0.76	(0.67–0.86)
Missing	19,056	3308

¹ Crude; ² adjusted for CCI, education level, civil status and the age at year of PCa onset
Abbreviations: OR odds ratio, 95% CI 95% confidence interval, PCa prostate cancer, T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus, SU sulfonylurea

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