Table 3 Metabolic alterations in high Gleason score (GS ≥ 7) to low Gleason score (GS = 6) prostate cancer
Metabolite | Change in GS ≥ 7 | Technique | BH p-valuea | BH p-value for Mixed Model | BH p-value for Mixed Model adjusted for percentage of epithelium | BH p-value for Mixed Model adjusted for percentage of malignancy | BH p-value for Mixed Model adjusted for percentage of epithelium and malignancy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Glycerophosphorylcholine | ↑ | 1H HR MAS NMR | 1.89 × 10−04 | 4.46 × 10− 2 | 2.94 × 10− 1 | 1.06 × 10− 1 | 2.07 × 10− 2 |
Phosphocholine | ↑ | 1H HR MAS NMR | 3.10 × 10− 03 | 1.91 × 10− 2 | 4.23 × 10− 2 | 8.04 × 10− 2 | 2.07 × 10− 2 |
Hypoxanthine | ↑ | 1H HR MAS NMR | 2.29 × 10− 05 | 3.51 × 10− 4 | 5.37 × 10− 2 | 9.01 × 10− 2 | 7.81 × 10− 4 |
Lysine | ↑ | 1H HR MAS NMR | 1.89 × 10− 04 | 3.04 × 10− 4 | 4.43 × 10− 2 | 6.54 × 10− 2 | 2.68 × 10− 4 |
Glutamate | ↑ | 1H HR MAS NMR | 2.95 × 10− 05 | 1.28 × 10− 4 | 2.30 × 10− 2 | 7.86 × 10− 2 | 3.33 × 10− 4 |
Threonine | ↑ | 1H HR MAS NMR | 5.95 × 10− 03 | 4.34 × 10− 2 | 4.17 × 10− 1 | 3.28 × 10− 1 | 2.07 × 10− 2 |
Tyrosine | ↑ | 1H HR MAS NMR | 9.99 × 10− 03 | 3.97 × 10− 3 | 4.71 × 10− 2 | 6.54 × 10− 2 | 1.72 × 10− 3 |
Valine | ↑ | 1H HR MAS NMR | 6.90 × 10− 03 | 3.64 × 10− 3 | 4.23 × 10− 2 | 6.54 × 10− 2 | 3.54 × 10− 3 |
Ascorbate | ↑ | 1H HR MAS NMR | 4.26 × 10− 03 | 1.78 × 10− 2 | 2.57 × 10− 1 | 3.44 × 10− 1 | 2.07 × 10− 2 |
Phenylalanine | ↑ | 1H HR MAS NMR | 4.34 × 10− 02 | 3.52 × 10− 2 | 5.37 × 10− 2 | 9.01 × 10− 2 | 2.07 × 10− 2 |
α-Glucose | ↓ | 1H NMR | 2.25 × 10− 02 | 2.02 × 10− 8 | 3.02 × 10− 3 | 1.42 × 10− 1 | 2.68 × 10− 4 |
Arginine | ↑ | 1H NMR | 2.44 × 10− 03 | 2.02 × 10− 8 | 5.37 × 10− 2 | 9.01 × 10− 2 | 6.36 × 10− 7 |
Lipid (n) CH2 | ↓ | 1H NMR | 2.25 × 10− 02 | 4.34 × 10− 2 | 9.18 × 10− 1 | 6.14 × 10− 1 | 4.07 × 10− 3 |
2-Hydroxybutyrate | ↑ | 1H NMR | 2.44 × 10− 03 | 1.39 × 10− 3 | 5.76 × 10− 1 | 1.42 × 10− 1 | 1.56 × 10− 4 |
Sphingosine | ↑ | LC-MS (+) | 5.62 × 10− 03 | 2.73 × 10− 1 | 6.49 × 10− 1 | 6.75 × 10− 1 | 3.06 × 10− 1 |
Hexanoylcarnitine | ↑ | LC-MS (+) | 5.62 × 10− 03 | 2.10 × 10− 1 | 3.53 × 10− 1 | 3.28 × 10− 1 | 2.37 × 10− 1 |