Table 2 Metabolic alterations in prostate cancer tissues compared to benign prostate tissues
Metabolite | Change in PC | Technique | BH p-valuea | BH p-value for mixed model | BH p-value for mixed model adjusted for percentage of epithelium | BH p-value for mixed model adjusted for percentage of malignancy | BH p-value for mixed model adjusted for percentage of epithelium and malignancy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phosphocholine | ↑ | 1H HR MAS NMR | 1.08 × 10− 07 | 2.53 × 10− 10 | 2.81 × 10− 08 | 1.22 × 10− 03 | 1.24 × 10− 04 |
Glutamate | ↑ | 1H HR MAS NMR | 7.17 × 10− 07 | 2.26 × 10− 08 | 6.41 × 10− 07 | 5.91 × 10− 03 | 3.87 × 10− 04 |
Citrate | ↓ | 1H HR MAS NMR | 6.66 × 10− 06 | 6.48 × 10− 08 | 1.97 × 10− 07 | 1.44 × 10−02 | 2.07 × 10− 02 |
Hypoxanthine | ↑ | 1H HR MAS NMR | 4.68 × 10−08 | 1.58 × 10−08 | 1.11 × 10−05 | 5.91 × 10− 03 | 7.73 × 10− 05 |
Polyamines | ↓ | 1H HR MAS NMR | 9.61 × 10− 05 | 6.16 × 10− 08 | 1.42 × 10−07 | 3.06 × 10− 03 | 1.22 × 10− 02 |
Inosine | ↑ | 1H HR MAS NMR | 1.35 × 10− 05 | 1.07 × 10−04 | 5.06 × 10− 03 | 7.25 × 10− 02 | 1.02 × 10− 02 |
α-Glucose | ↓ | 1H NMR | 8.89 × 10− 04 | 1.58 × 10− 08 | 2.09 × 10− 05 | 1.75 × 10− 02 | 1.24 × 10− 04 |
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) | ↓ | 1H NMR | 3.17 × 10− 03 | 3.81 × 10− 07 | 7.77 × 10−06 | 3.06 × 10− 03 | 1.87 × 10− 04 |
Arginine | ↑ | 1H NMR | 8.89 × 10− 04 | 2.98 × 10− 06 | 5.46 × 10− 02 | 3.77 × 10− 01 | 1.41 × 10− 04 |
Succinate/Malate | ↑ | 1H NMR | 2.40 × 10− 02 | 6.80 × 10− 03 | 6.67 × 10− 01 | 4.38 × 10− 01 | 1.80 × 10− 03 |
Lysophosphatidylcholine | ↓ | 31P NMR | 1.44 × 10− 04 | 1.87 × 10− 02 | 3.16 × 10− 01 | 6.53 × 10− 01 | 4.31 × 10− 02 |
Phosphatidylethanolamine | ↑ | 31P NMR | 5.50 × 10− 03 | 4.82 × 10− 04 | 1.49 × 10− 03 | 1.05 × 10− 02 | 5.87 × 10− 03 |
Sphingomyelin | ↓ | 31P NMR | 1.01 × 10− 03 | 4.22 × 10− 05 | 2.12 × 10− 04 | 8.34 × 10− 03 | 3.20 × 10− 03 |
Uracil | ↑ | LC-MS (+) | 9.69 × 10− 05 | 2.98 × 10− 06 | 3.59 × 10− 05 | 1.71 × 10− 02 | 1.42 × 10− 03 |
Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5) | ↑ | LC-MS (−) | 5.01 × 10− 05 | 3.81 × 10− 07 | 3.38 × 10− 04 | 1.44 × 10− 02 | 7.73 × 10− 05 |
Oleic acid (18:1) | ↑ | LC-MS (−) | 9.32 × 10− 05 | 3.52 × 10− 06 | 1.09 × 10− 03 | 4.22 × 10− 03 | 9.63 × 10− 05 |
Linoleic acid (18:2) | ↑ | LC-MS (−) | 2.29 × 10− 04 | 1.45 × 10− 05 | 3.14 × 10− 03 | 1.05 × 10− 02 | 1.53 × 10− 04 |
Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6) | ↑ | LC-MS (−) | 1.25 × 10− 03 | 9.69 × 10− 04 | 7.92 × 10− 02 | 2.86 × 10− 02 | 7.66 × 10− 04 |
Maleic acid | ↑ | LC-MS (−) | 9.32 × 10− 05 | 5.63 × 10− 07 | 2.96 × 10− 05 | 2.71 × 10− 01 | 6.19 × 10− 02 |
Malic acid (Fumarate) | ↑ | LC-MS (−) | 2.92 × 10− 03 | 6.86 × 10− 03 | 3.20 × 10− 02 | 2.71 × 10− 01 | 3.90 × 10− 02 |