Fig. 5

RA190 causes accumulation of IκBα and NF-κB in the cytoplasm, co-localized with proteasomes. HepG2 cells were treated with DMSO, 2 μM RA190 for or 25 μM MG132 for 30 min. The cells were fixed, permeabilized and stained for IκBα a, proteasome b, NF-κB c and viewed by confocal fluorescence microscopy individually, or d merged, or e under phase contrast. a, b, c IκBα and NF-κB in RA190 and MG132-treated cells is significantly accumulated in cytoplasm, and apparently co-localized with the proteasome. The proportion of fluorescence in the cytoplasm versus the nucleus was quantified for f IκBα, or g NF-κB