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Table 2 Oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes, and inflammation status of the subjects according to TNM stages

From: The risks of ubiquinone and β-carotene deficiency and metabolic disorders in patients with oral cancer

 

T0 + 1 (n = 45)

T2 (n = 62)

T3 (n = 30)

T4 (n = 57)

Oxidative stress

 MDA (μM)

2.77 ± 0.95 (2.62)

3.10 ± 1.57 (2.81)

3.03 ± 1.09 (2.69)

2.63 ± 1.02 (2.41)

Antioxidant enzymes

 SOD (U/mg protein)

17.29 ± 7.11 (16.43)

16.68 ± 5.96 (16.31)

14.83 ± 5.91 (14.88)

16.53 ± 7.80 (15.65)

 CAT (U/mg protein)

16.08 ± 6.71 (16.30)

16.03 ± 6.30 (14.56)

12.96 ± 5.39 (12.63)*

13.41 ± 4.75 (12.77)*

 GPx (U/mg protein)

16.40 ± 6.34 (14.49)

16.23 ± 6.21 (15.18)

16.08 ± 5.64 (14.99)

14.81 ± 5.78 (13.72)

Inflammation

 hs-CRP (mg/L)

1.31 ± 2.81 (0.22)

0.47 ± 1.08 (0.16)

1.50 ± 2.96 (0.19)

2.49 ± 3.74 (0.82)*

 IL-6 (pg/mL)

2.53 ± 3.30 (1.36)

1.96 ± 1.41 (1.45)

3.43 ± 3.20 (2.09)*

5.09 ± 4.39 (3.53)*

  1. 1 mean ± SD (median), the data were examined by One-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test, *p < 0.05. CAT, catalase activity; MDA, malondialdehyde; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; hs-CRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin-6; SOD, superoxide dismutase; TNM, tumor-node-metastasis