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Table 2 Multivariate Cox regression analysis of prognostic factors for CSS and OS among primary prostate cancer patients with PSA < 4 ng/ml (diagnosed 2010–2015)

From: Tumor characteristics, treatments, and survival outcomes in prostate cancer patients with a PSA level < 4 ng/ml: a population-based study

Variables

CSS

OS

HR

95% CI

P value

HR

95% CI

P value

Age

  < 65

1

  

1

  

  ≥ 65

2.949

2.378–3.659

< 0.001

2.318

1.934–2.779

< 0.001

Married status

 Married

1

  

1

  

 Unmarried

1.784

1.451–2.194

< 0.001

1.626

1.366–1.936

< 0.001

Insurance

 Insured

1

  

1

  

 Uninsured

0.836

0.131–6.690

0.836

1.481

0.614–3.574

0.570

Race

 Caucasian

1

  

1

  

 African-American

1.361

1.069–1.733

0.012

1.260

1.018–1.558

0.033

 Other

0.662

0.364–1.207

0.178

0.950

0.634–1.424

0.805

T stage

 T1

1

  

1

  

 T2

0.830

0.601–1.148

0.061

0.861

0.733–1.011

0.001

 T3

2.249

1.423–3.553

0.003

1.007

0.733–1.384

0.440

 T4

49.213

30.094–80.478

< 0.001

15.321

10.237–22.932

< 0.001

N stage

 N0

1

  

1

  

 N1

0.761

0.269–2.150

0.606

1.294

0.891–1.880

0.176

M stage

 M0

1

  

1

  

 M1

0.627

0.221–1.773

0.379

4.198

3.065–5.751

< 0.001

Gleason grade

 1

1

  

1

  

 2

1.385

1.111–1.727

0.004

1.383

1.120–1.709

0.003

 3

1.017

0.699–1.481

0.929

1.135

0.806–1.597

0.469

 4

1.770

1.240–2.525

0.002

2.960

2.256–3.883

< 0.001

 5

2.402

1.648–3.499

< 0.001

6.059

4.725–7.770

< 0.001

Therapy

 No

1

  

1

  

 RP with or without RT

0.346

0.255–0.470

< 0.001

0.316

0.242–0.412

< 0.001

 RT without RP

0.599

0.470–0.764

< 0.001

0.608

0.493–0.750

< 0.001

  1. Abbreviations: PSA, prostate-specific antigen; CSS, cancer-specific survival; OS, overall survival; RP, radical prostatectomy; RT, radiation therapy (brachytherapy and/or external beam radiation); HR, hazard ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval
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BMC Cancer

ISSN: 1471-2407

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