From: Trends in the epidemiology of young-onset colorectal cancer: a worldwide systematic review
Study | Date Range | Overall | Women | Men | Findingb |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
North America | |||||
 Chow 1991 [1991] | 1976–1987 | – | CC AAPC White: − 2.0 (< 0.05) CC AAPC Black: − 1.3 | CC AAPC White: − 0.7 CC AAPC Black: + 1.7 | not consistent |
 Polednak, 1994 [15] | 1965–1991 | – | CRC % change ASR: − 19 (p = 0.153) | CRC % change ASR: − 29 (p < 0.05) | ↓ CRC m |
 Marrett 2002 [16] | 1969–1996 | – | CRC AAPC: − 1.39 (− 1.69, − 1.08) | CRC AAPC: − 0.43 (− 0.77, − 0.08) | ↓ CRC w ↓ CRC f |
 Cress, 2006 [17] | 1992–2001 | CRC APC: + 1.1a | CRC APC: + 1.4 RC APC: + 3.6 (p < 0.05) | CRC APC: + 0.8 RC APC: + 2.5 (p < 0.05) | ↑ RC w ↑ RC m |
 Siegel 2009 [4] | 1992–2005 | – | CRC APC: + 1.6 (p < 0.05) | CRC APC: + 1.5 (p < 0.05) | ↑ CRC w ↑ CRC m |
 Meyer 2010 [18] | 1973–2005 | CC APC: − 0.2 (− 0.6, 0.3) RC APC: + 2.6 (1.9, 3.3) | RC APC: + 2.5 (1.8, 3.8) | RC APC: + 2.5 (1.6, 3.4) | ↑ RC |
 Merrill, 2011 [19] | 2000–2007 | – | CRC % change RAIR White: 21.7 CRC % change RAIR Black: 11.4 | % change CRC RAIR White: 2.0 CRC % change RAIR Black: 0.4 | ↑ CRC w ↑ CRC m |
 Giddings, 2012 [21] | 1998–2007 | – | CRC APC Chinese: −1.8 (− 3.9, 0.3) CRC APC Japanese: − 0.1 (− 3.6, 3.7) CRC APC Filipino: − 0.1 (− 2.2, 2.1) CRC APC Korean: + 0.5 (− 2.0, 3.1) CRC APC South Asian: - CRC APC Vietnamese: + 2.2 (− 0.8, 5.2) | CRC APC Chinese: − 1.6 (− 3.3, 0.1) CRC APC Japanese: + 1.4 (− 2.5, 5.6) CRC APC Filipino: + 0.6 (− 1.6, 2.9) CRC APC Korean: + 3.4 (0.1, 6.7) CRC APC South Asian: + 1.5 (− 2.9, 6.2) CRC APC Vietnamese: + 1.8 (− 0.8, 4.4) | not consistent |
 Nancy You 2012 [5] | 1998–2007 | CRC APC: + 2.1 (1.1, 3.1) CC APC: + 2.7 (2.0, 3.3) RC APC: + 3.9 (3.1, 4.7) | – | – | ↑ CRC ↑ CC ↑ RC |
 Austin 2014 [22] | 1998–2009 | CRC APC N Hispanic White: + 1.69 (1.47, 1.91) Black: + 0.44 (− 0.03, 0.92) Asian: + 0.61 (− 0.41, 1.35) Hispanic White: + 0.59 (− 0.15, 1.33) | CRC APC N Hispanic White: + 1.79 (1.46, 2.11) Blacks: + 0.47 (− 0.39, 1.34) Asian: + 0.45 (− 0.57, 1.49) Hispanic White: + 0.76 (0.03, 1.5) | CRC APC N Hispanic White: + 1.61 (1.35, 1.87) Blacks: + 0.40 (− 0.14, 0.93) Asian: + 0.72 (− 0.53, 1.99) Hispanic White: + 0.42 (− 0.63, 1.48) | not consistent |
 Siegel 2014 [23] | 2001–2010 | CRC APC: + 1.1 (p < 0.05) RC APC: + 1.8 (p < 0.05) | – | – | ↑ CRC ↑ RC |
 Singh, 2014 [23] | 1988–2009 | – | CRC BAPC 20-29y: + 3.8 (p < 0.011) CRC BAPC 30-39y: + 4.5 (p < 0.001) CRC BAPC 40-49y: + 2.6 (p < 0.001) | CRC BAPC 20-29y: + 2.7 (p < 0.011) CRC BAPC 30-39y: + 3.5 (p < 0.001) CRC BAPC 40-49y: + 2.7 (p < 0.001) | ↑ CRC w ↑ CRC m |
 Bailey 2015 [49] | 1975–2010 | CRC APC 20-34y: + 1.99 (1.48, 2.51) CRC APC 35-49y: + 0.41 (0.14, 0.69) RC APC 20-34y localized: + 4.03 (p < 0.001) regional: + 3.05 (p < 0.001) distant: + 2.66 (p < 0.001) RC APC 35-49y localized: + 1.62 (p < 0.001) regional: + 1.37 (p < 0.001) distant: + 1.46 (p < 0.001) | – | – | ↑ CRC ↑ RC |
 Rahman 2015 [25] | 1992–2009 | CRC AAPC: + 1.68 (p < 0.05) | – | – | ↑ CRC |
 Patel 2016 [26] | 1997 to 2010 | CRC APC 15-29y: + 6.7 (4.3, 9.3) CRC APC 30-39y: + 2.4 (1.5, 3.3) CRC APC 40-49y: + 0.8 (0.3, 1.4) | CRC APC 15-29y: + 7.9 (1.1, 15.1) CRC APC 30-39y: + 2.3 (0.8, 3.7) CRC APC 40-49y: + 0.6 (0.1, 1.2) | CRC APC 15-29y: + 7.0 (3.7, 10.4) CRC APC 30-39y: + 2.5 (1.5, 3.4) CRC APC 40-49y: + 1.0 (0.4, 1.5) | ↑ CRC |
 Koblinski 2017 [51] | 2000–2010 | CRC % change Hispanic localized:↑77%; regional: ↑56% distant: ↑57% CRC % change White localized:↑21%; regional: ↑18% distant: ↑41% | – | – | ↑ CRC |
 Sheneman 2017 [27] | 2003–2013 | CRC EAPC: + 1.7 | CRC EAPC: + 0.6 | CRC EAPC: + 2.7 (p < 0.05) | ↑ CRC m |
 Siegel 2017 [7] | 2004–2013 | CRC AAPC: + 1.6 (p < 0.05) CRC IRR: + 1.22 (1.17, 1.28) RC AAPC: + 2.0 (p < 0.05) RC IRR: + 1.22 (1.13, 1.31) | – | – | ↑ CRC ↑ RC |
 Siegel 2017 [7] | 1974–2013 | CC APC 20-29y: + 2.4 (1.6, 3.3) CC APC 30-39y: + 1.0 (0.5, 1.5) CC APC 40-49y: + 1.3 (0.7, 1.8) RC APC 20-29y: + 3.2 (2.4, 3.9) RC APC 30-39y: + 3.2 (2.7, 3.7) RC APC 40-49y: + 2.3 (1.8, 2.7) | – | – | ↑ CC ↑ RC |
 Wang 2017 [28] | 1995–2010 | CRC APC 20-39y: + 1.82 (p < 0.01) CRC APC 40-49y: + 0.33 (p = 0.08) | – | – | no consistent |
 Ansa, 2018 [29] | 2000–2014 | CRC APC < 40: + 2.7 (p < 0.001) CRC APC 40-49y: + 1.7 (p < 0.001) | – | – | ↑ CRC |
 Crosbie, 2018 [30] | 1992–2014 | CRC APC: + 1.8 (p < 0.05) | CRC APC: + 1.8 (p < 0.05) | CRC APC: + 1.7 (p < 0.05) | ↑ CRC |
 Ellis, 2018 [31] | 2010–2014 | – | CRC TAPC Chinese: + 0.1 (− 2.1, 2.4) CRC TAPC Japanese: + 0.5 (− 3.1, 4.1) CRC TAPC Filipino: − 0.6 (− 3.5, 2.4) CRC TAPC Korean: + 0.8 (− 3.8, 5.5) CRC TAPC South Asian: + 4.3 (− 2.0, 10.9) CRC TAPC Vietnamese: − 0.5 (− 3.1. 2.2) CRC TAPC SEast Asian: - CRC TAPC White: + 1.9 (0.8, 2.9) CRC TAPC Black: + 0.3 (− 0.7, 1.4) CRC TAPC Hispanic: + 2.1 (1.2, 3.1) | CRC TAPC Chinese: + 0.4 (− 2.0, 2.9) CRC TAPC Japanese: + 1.5 (− 2.0, 5.0) CRC TAPC Filipino: + 1.1 (− 1.1, 3.3) CRC TAPC Korean: + 0.7 (− 1.8, 3.3) CRC TAPC South Asian: − 0.9 (− 5.7, 4.2) CRC TAPC Vietnamese: + 1.1 (− 3.9, 6.2) CRC TAPC SEast Asian: − 1.0 (− 3.8, 1.9) CRC TAPC White: + 0.9 (0.4, 1.4) CRC TAPC Black: − 0.9 (− 2.2, 0.4) CRC TAPC Hispanic: + 1.6 (0.3, 2.9) | not consistent |
 Garcia, 2018 [32] | 2001–2014 | CRC relative increase IR: 24% | – | – | ↑ CRC |
 Jacobs, 2018 [33] | 1973–2014 | CC % change IR: 41.5 (37.4, 45.8) RC % change IR: 9.8 (6.2, 13.6) |  |  | ↑ CRC ↑ RC |
Oceania | |||||
 Haggar 2012 [34] | 1982–2007 | – | CRC APC: + 1.4 (0.1, 2.7) | CRC APC: − 0.4 (− 1.7, 1.0) | ↑CRC w |
 Boyce 2016 [35] | 2001–2008 | CRC OR: 1.03 (0.99, 1.07) | – | – | no change |
 Gandhi 2017 [36] | 1975–2012 | – | RC IRR: 1.13 (1.2, 1.26) | RC IRR: 1.18 (1.06, 1.32) | ↑ RC w ↑ RC m |
 Troeung 2017 [37] | 1982–2007 | CRC APC: + 3.0 (0.7, 5.5) | CRC APC: + 3.4 (1.1, 5.7) | CRC APC: + 2.6 (− 0.9, 5.2) | ↑ CRC w |
Europe | |||||
 Zaridze, 1990 [38] | 1971–1987 | – | CC APC <29y: − 0.1 (− 14.2, 14.3) CC APC 30-39y: − 1.3 (− 7.4, 5.1) CC APC 40-49y: + 8.2 (4.6, 11.9) RC APC < 29y: − 13.7 (− 26.4, 0.2) RC APC 30-39y: − 9.1 (− 18.3, 1.2) RC APC 40-49y: + 4.3 (0.5, 8.3) | CC APC <29y: − 9.1 (− 17.2, − 0.3) CC APC 30-39y: − 2.9 (− 9.7, 4.5) CC APC 40-49y: + 3.2 (− 0.1, 6.6) RC APC < 29y: − 16.5 (− 29.3, − 1.5) RC APC 30-39y: − 11.1 (− 16.4, − 5.4) RC APC 40-49y: + 3.7 (− 1.4, 9.1) | no consistent |
 Larsen 2010 [39] | 1992–2006 | – | proximal CC EAPC: ≥ − 2 distal CC EAPC: − 1 RC EAPC: <+ 1 | proximal CC EAPC: < 1 distal CC EAPC: ≥ − 2 RC EAPC: <+ 1 | no change w no change m |
 Ullah, 2018 [40] | 1994–2012 | CRC APC 20-29y: + 9.17 (p < 0.03) CRC APC 30-39y: + 4.6 (p = 0.1) CRC APC 40-49y: + 0.83 (p = 0.45) | – | – | not consistent |
Asia | |||||
 Nooyi, 2011 [41] | 1983–2002 | – | RC EAPC 35–39 y: - RC EAPC 40-44y: + 1.7 (p = 0.35) RC EAPC 45–49y: + 0.4 (p = 0.83) | RC EAPC 35-39y: + 3.1 (p = 0.12) RC EAPC 40-44y: + 1.8 (p = 0.29) RC EAPC 45–49y: + 1.4 (p = 0.41) | no change w no change m |
 Wu 2012 [42] | 1973–2005 | – | CRC APC: − 0.3 (− 0.9, 0.3) | CRC APC: 0.1 (− 0.4, 0.4) | no change w no change m |
 Zhou 2015 [43] | 2005–2011 | CRC APC: −3.07 (p < 0.01) | CRC APC: −2.56 (p = 0.21) | CRC APC: −3.45 (p = 0.06) | ↓ CRC |
 Nakagawa 2017 [44] | 1987–2004 | CRC APC: −0.8 (−1.7, 0.1) RC APC: − 1.9 (− 2.6, − 1.1) | – | – | ↓ RC |
 Sarakarn 2017 [45] | 1989–2012 | CRC AAPC: + 5.7 | CRC AAPC: + 5.7 (p < 0.05) | CRC AAPC: + 3.2 (p < 0.05) | ↑ CRC w ↑ CRC m |
 Zhang, 2018 [46] | 1983–2012 |  | CC APC: − 1.56 (− 1.73, − 1.39) RC APC: − 0.17 (− 0.40, 0.05) | CC APC: − 1.11 (− 1.32, 0.90) RC APC: + 0.60 (0.37, 0.84) | not consistent |
Africa | |||||
 Hamdi Cherif, 2014 [47] | 1986–2010 | – | CRC APC: − 2.1 (− 6.3, 2.3) | CRC APC: − 0.8 (− 4.7, 3.3) | no change w no change m |