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Table 2 Comparison of clinical characteristics between ruptured and non-ruptured high-risk neuroblastoma groups

From: Clinical characteristics and risk factors of 47 cases with ruptured neuroblastoma in children

Variables

Non-ruptured neuroblastoma 1,2

(n = 93)

Ruptured neuroblastoma

(n = 40)

Results 3

P

Gender

Female

39 (41.94)

16 (40.00)

0.043

0.8353

Male

54 (58.06)

24 (60.00)

  

Age (months)

 

43 (32, 59)

29 (24, 47)

−3.397

0.0007

Primary site

Adrenal

85 (91.40)

25 (62.50)

18.445

<  0.0001

Retroperitoneum

7 (7.53)

15 (37.50)

  

Pelvic

1 (1.08)

0 (0.00)

  

Maximum diameter of primary tumor (cm)

 

10.35 (7.30, 12.60)

13.60 (11.70, 16.00)

4.910

<  0.0001

Primary site of origin

Left

47 (50.54)

20 (50.00)

8.489

0.0143

Right

42 (45.16)

12 (30.00)

  

Middle

4 (4.30)

8 (20.00)

  

NSE (ng/mL) 4

≤ 370

44 (50.00)

4 (10.00)

18.773

<  0.0001

>  370

44 (50.00)

36 (90.00)

  

Ferritin (ng/mL)

 

232.40 (132.00, 481.15)

290.10 (207.30, 615.70)

1.448

0.1477

Urinary VMA (%)

 

191.99 (44.73, 537.60)

16.67 (10.56, 67.05)

−4.365

<  0.0001

Urinary HVA (%)

 

26.60 (12.74, 75.30)

17.70 (5.10, 32.13)

−2.135

0.0328

LDH (U/L)

 

723.00 (538.00, 1475.00)

3148.50 (2055.75, 4316.00)

6.912

<  0.0001

INPC categories

NB

58 (63.04)

25 (100.00)

19.823

<  0.0001

GNBi

1 (1.09)

0 (0.00)

  

GNBn

33 (35.87)

0 (0.00)

  

Grade of neuroblastic differentiation

Undifferentiated

1 (1.16)

1 (4.55)

4.603

0.1001

Differentiating

24 (27.91)

2 (9.09)

  

Poorly differentiated

61 (70.93)

19 (86.36)

  

MKI

<  2%

37 (49.33)

0 (0.00)

20.486

<  0.0001

2–4%

28 (37.33)

11 (64.71)

  

>  4%

10 (13.33)

6 (35.29)

  

INPC

Favorable

16 (19.75)

0 (0.00)

7.076

0.0078

Unfavorable

65 (80.25)

18 (100.00)

  

MYCN status

Not amplified

65 (73.03)

6 (23.08)

21.259

<  0.0001

Amplified

24 (26.97)

20 (76.92)

  

INRG stage

L1

1 (1.08)

1 (2.50)

6.090

0.1073

L2

6 (6.45)

8 (20.00)

  

M

85 (91.40)

31 (77.50)

  

MS

1 (1.08)

0 (0.00)

  
  1. NSE neuron-specific enolase, VMA vanillylmandelic acid, HVA homovanillic acid, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, INPC International Neuroblastoma Pathology Classification, NB neuroblastoma, GNBi ganglioneuroblastoma, intermixed, GNBn ganglioneuroblastoma, nodular, MKI mitosis-karyorrhexis index, INRG International Neuroblastoma Risk Group
  2. 1Continuous variables are presented as the median and interquartile range;
  3. 2Classification variables are presented as numbers (percent);
  4. 3Results represent the z value of the Mann-Whitney test and the χ2 value of the chi-square test, respectively;
  5. 4Reference ranges of tumor markers: serum NSE ≤ 25 ng/mL; serum ferritin 6 ng/mL-159 ng/mL; urinary VMA 3.4–51.4%; urinary HVA 0.2–4.3%; serum LDH 110 U/L-295 U/L
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BMC Cancer

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