Fig. 5

The combination of GQC-05 and Navitoclax induces rapid apoptosis, DNA damage, and potentiates cytotoxicity in AML cell lines. The AML cell lines KG-1a, CMK and TF-1 were treated with vehicle (DMSO) 100, 300, 600 and 1000 nM GQC-05 ranging in combination with either vehicle (DMSO) or 100 nM Navitoclax for 6 h. a-b Treated cells were assayed for (a) cell number and (b) Caspase 3/7 activity after 6 h of each treatment, normalized to vehicle treated cells and plotted as plotted as mean +/− SD. * P < 0.005, ** P < 0.0001 for quadruplicate samples of three biological replicates. c Kinetic analysis of Annexin V binding upon treatment of AML cells with GQC-05 and either vehicle (DMSO) or 100 nM Navitoclax. Graphs are representative of two biological replicates using triplicate wells, normalized to Time 0 and plotted as mean +/− SD. d Dual color flow cytometric analysis using Alexafluor 488-Annexin V and SytoxRed staining of treated cells. e Western immunoblotting of whole cell lysates from KG-1a, CMK, and TF-1 cells analyzed for expression of cleaved PARP and γH2AX. GADPH is shown as a loading control. Band intensities for cleaved PARP and γH2AX were calculated and normalized to GAPDH and vehicle controls