Fig. 3

Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with locally advanced low rectal cancer stratified by response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (good vs. poor) and the presence of extramural venous invasion on magnetic resonance imaging (EMVI; positive vs. negative). a Kaplan-Meier curves for RFS in the response and EMVI strata (p < 0.001). b Kaplan-Meier curves for OS in the response and EMVI strata (p = 0.002). Good and poor response are defined as tumor volume reduction rate (TVRR) of < 60% and ≥ 60%, respectively