Fig. 1

Different PPARα ligands exhibited different abilities to inhibit tumour sizes and metastasis. a Serum triglyceride levels in TC-1 tumour-bearing mice (n = 6–11). *P < 0.05, vs control. b Relative mRNA levels of Ptgs1 (Cox1), Ptgs2 (Cox2), Cyp2c44, Cyp2c39, Cyp2c38, Cyp2c29, Alox5, Alox12, Acot1 (n = 6). *P < 0.05, vs control. c1 and c2 Images of the primary xenograft tumours and their growth curves in mice treated with three different PPARα ligands, AVE8134 (AVE), Wy-14,643 (Wy), and Bezafibrate (Beza; n = 8–11). ^*P < 0.05, AVE vs control; ^#P < 0.05, Wy vs control. d The weight of lungs in TC-1 tumour-bearing mice (n = 8–11). ^*P < 0.05, vs control. e1 and e2 Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and the number of lung metastatic tumours (red arrowhead; n = 8–11). ^*P < 0.05, vs control. f The ratio of liver weight to body weight (n = 8–11). *P < 0.05, vs control; ^#P < 0.05, vs AVE. g The levels of serum ALT (n = 6). *P < 0.05, vs control. h1 and h2 Tumour vascularization was quantified by CD31 antibodies in the paraffin sections of primary xenograft tumours. ^*P < 0.05, vs control; ^#P < 0.05 vs AVE; ^&P < 0.05 vs Wy. (I1 and I2) Representative bands of Cyp2c44 and GAPDH in tumours were evaluated by western blot. ^*P < 0.05, vs control (n ≥ 3)