Table 1 Summary of Studies Included in Systematic Review
Case | Age | Sex | Primary | CNS site | Size of CNS lesion | Other Mets | Interval between diagnosis and CNS metastasis | Treatment of CNS tumor | Mutation Status | Outcome (from time of CNS diagnosis) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Akiyama 2004 [8] | 60 | M | Small bowel | Left cavernous sinus | NR | L5-S1 vertebra | 7 years | Radiation (54 Gy), not further described | NR | Death at 8 months |
2 | Badri 2018 [15] | 66 | M | Small Bowel | Right cerebellar hemisphere | 4 cm | NR | CNS lesion found first | Total resection of cerebellar tumor with adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy (no further details given) | NR | Remission at 12 months |
3 | Brooks 2002 [4] | 75 | M | Mesentery | Both hemispheres, (dural based) | Infiltrative | Liver | 14 months | Imatinib 400 mg twice daily | NR | Remission at 4 months |
4 | Drazin 2012 [16] | 57 | M | Stomach | Left cerebellar, left frontal | 3 cm for cerebellar lesion, size of frontal lesion not provided | NR | 13 months | Total resection for cerebellar lesions, SRS (18 Gy) to frontal lesion | NR | Remission at 15 months |
5 | Gerin 2007 [7] | 45 | M | Small bowel | Pontomedullary junction, cerebellum, leptomeninges | 2 cm for primary lesion, others very small | NR | 5 years | Imatinib 800 mg daily | NR | Death at “a few weeks” |
6 | Hamada 2010 [17] | 54 | F | Esophagus | Left frontal lobe | 5 cm | Liver | 6 years | Neoadjuvant imatinib 400 mg daily, then total resection, SRS (dose not reported) | KIT (exon 11) | Remission at 6 months |
7 | Hughes 2004 [9] | 47 | M | Jejunum | Left parasagittal (dural based) | NR | Liver | 25 Months | Total resection, Imatinib 800 mg daily | KIT (exon 9) | Death at 35 months |
8 | Inage 2002 [10] | 70 | M | Stomach | Left occipital, (dural based) | 5.5 cm | Lung | 10 years | Total resection and radiation, not further described | NR | Death at 8 months |
9 | Jagannathan 2012 [11] | 15 | M | Stomach | Right Frontoparietal, (dural based) | 4.2 cm × 3.3 cm × 3.1 cm | Liver | 12 years | Many TK inhibitors prior to discovery of CNS lesion, Total resection | No mutation in KIT or PDGFR alpha | Remission at 6 months |
10 | Janku 2011 [18] | 56 | F | Stomach | Many small lesions | NR | Lung, liver, pelvis | 3 weeks | Imatinib 400 mg daily, then 600 mg daily | NR | NR |
11 | Kajikawa 2005 [19] | 76 | M | Jejunum and Duodenum | Right parietal, Right cerebellar hemisphere | 2 cm | NR | 4 months | Imatinib 400 mg daily, radiation (WBRT 40 Gy) | No mutation in KIT | Death at 4 months |
12 | Kaku 2006 [12] | 68 | F | Perisacral | Right parietal lobe, (dural based) | 3 cm | NR | 2 years | Total resection, imatinib 800 mg daily | NR | Remission |
13 | Naoe 2011 [20] | 77 | M | Jejunum | Right cerebral peduncle, left occipital lobe | 2.4 cm, 2.2 cm | NR | CNS lesion found first | Total resection, WBRT (39 Gy), imatinib 400 mg daily | No KIT mutation or PDGFR alpha | Death at 4 months |
14 | O’Halloran 2017 [13] | 61 | M | NR | Pituitary | 1.5 cm × 3.5 cm × 2 cm | NR | NR | Total resection, SRS and imatinib not further described | NR | NR |
15 | Puri 2006 [21] | 42 | M | Mesentery | Right Parietal lobe | 3.5 cm | NR | CNS lesion found first | Total resection, WBRT (60 Gy), imatinib 600 mg daily, multiple cytotoxic chemotherapy regimens | NR | Death at 10 months |
16 | Sato 2014 [22] | 80 | M | Small bowel | Cerebellar vermis, Right frontal lobe | 4 cm | Cardiac apex, subclavian vessels | CNS lesion found first | Total resection, radiotherapy (22 Gy) not further described | NR | Death at 4 months |
17 | Takeuchi 2014 [5] | 74 | M | Jejunum | Right prefrontal gyrus | 1.4 cm ×1.5 cm | Liver | 6 years | Sunitinib 50 mg daily, SRS not further described | NR | Remission at 9 months |
18 | Wong 2011 [23] | 26 | M | Duodenum | Left frontotemporal | 6.1 cm ×4.1 cm | Liver | 6 years | Total resection, radiation not further described | NR | Remission at 4 months |
19 | Present case | 57 | F | Esophagus and stomach | Left temporal, (dural based) | 2.9 cm × 3.1 cm × 3.4 cm. | Liver | 6 months | Total resection, imatinib 400 mg daily | NR | Follow-up in progress |