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Table 2 Tumor budding and associations with clinical features

From: Tumor budding outperforms ypT and ypN classification in predicting outcome of rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy

 

Budding on H&E

Budding on IHC

negative

positive

P

negative

positive

P

All patients, n (%)

65

(63.1)

38

(36.9)

 

44

(44.4)

55

(55.6)

 

Age

 Mean, years (SD)

62.5

(9.2)

67.1

(10.8)

0.032

61.8

(9.8)

65.7

(9.8)

0.055

Sex, n (%)

 Male

48

(65.8)

25

(34.2)

0.501

34

(47.9)

37

(52.1)

0.370

 Female

17

(56.7)

13

(43.3)

10

(35.7)

18

(64.3)

BMI

 Mean, kg/m2 (SD)

25.8

(3.9)

23.6

(5.7)

0.042

25.6

(3.2)

24.6

(5.6)

0.252

ASA classification, n (%)

 1

12

(85.7)

2

(14.3)

0.022

9

(64.3)

5

(35.7)

0.096

 2

47

(64.4)

26

(35.6)

31

(44.9)

38

(55.1)

 3

6

(37.5)

10

(62.5)

4

(25.0)

12

(75.0)

cT stage, n (%)

 T0–1

0.005

0.011

 T2

5

(55.6)

4

(44.4)

2

(22.2)

7

(77.8)

 T3

54

(72.0)

21

(28.0)

39

(53.4)

34

(46.6)

 T4

6

(31.6)

13

(68.4)

3

(17.6)

14

(82.4)

cN stage, n (%)

 N0

7

(70.0)

3

(30.0)

0.742

7

(70.0)

3

(30.0)

0.104

 N+

58

(62.4)

35

(37.6)

37

(41.6)

52

(58.4)

cM stage, n (%)

 M0

60

(66.7)

30

(33.3)

0.066

42

(47.2)

47

(52.8)

0.178

 M1

5

(38.5)

8

(61.5)

2

(20.0)

8

(80.0)

Type of resection, n (%)

 LAR

53

(71.6)

21

(28.4)

0.004

39

(53.4)

34

(46.6)

0.003

 APR

12

(41.4)

17

(58.6)

5

(19.2)

21

(80.8)

Adjuvant therapy, n (%)

 Yes

42

(66.7)

21

(33.3)

0.218

27

(45.0)

33

(55.0)

0.741

 No

12

(52.2)

11

(47.8)

9

(40.9)

13

(59.1)

Not described

11

 

6

 

8

 

9

 

Relapse in the follow-up period, n (%)

 No

57

(71.3)

23

(28.7)

0.002

41

(53.9)

35

(46.1)

0.001

 Yes

8

(34.8)

15

(65.2)

3

(13.0)

20

(87.0)

Type of relapse, n (%)

 Local recurrence

2

(50.0)

2

(50.0)

0.015

1

(25.0)

3

(75.0)

0.003

 Liver

2

(28.6)

5

(71.4)

0

(0)

7

(100)

 Lung

3

(33.3)

6

(66.7)

1

(11.1)

8

(88.9)

 Cerebral

1

(33.3)

2

(66.7)

1

(33.3)

2

(66.7)

Survival status in follow-up, n (%)

 Alive

54

(71.1)

22

(28.9)

0.006

40

(53.3)

35

(46.7)

0.002

 Dead

11

(40.7)

16

(59.3)

4

(16.7)

20

(83.3)

  1. Abbreviations: pCR pathological complete response, P = P-value, SD standard deviation, BMI body mass index, ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists, LAR low anterior resection, APR abdominoperineal excision. Significant p-values are represented in bold type