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Table 4 Sensitivity and subgroup analyses for furosemide use and gastric cancer-specific mortality

From: Furosemide use and survival in patients with esophageal or gastric cancer: a population-based cohort study

  Non-users Users   
  Patients Deaths Person-years Patients Deaths Person-years Unadjusted HR (95% CI) Adjusteda HR (95% CI)
All patientsb
 Main analysis 2005 1268 4558 372 199 612 1.38 (1.19, 1.60) 1.27 (1.08, 1.50)
 All cancer death 2005 1405 4558 372 244 612 1.50 (1.31, 1.72) 1.37 (1.18, 1.59)
 All cause death 2005 1512 4558 372 293 612 1.63 (1.44, 1.85) 1.44 (1.25, 1.65)
 Use in the year before diagnosis 3584 2534 5693 608 431 573 1.32 (1.19, 1.46) 1.12 (1.00, 1.26)
 12 month lag 1360 712 3733 234 101 464 1.35 (1.10, 1.67) 1.21 (0.96, 1.53)
 Adenocarcinoma 1813 1182 4015 336 186 561 1.33 (1.14, 1.55) 1.25 (1.05, 1.49)
 Additional adjusted for smoking and alcoholc 1091 780 1469 206 133 204 1.30 (1.08, 1.56) 1.41 (1.13, 1.75)
 Additional adjusted for BMId 1221 825 1984 234 135 282 1.27 (1.06, 1.53) 1.26 (1.02, 1.54)
 All loop diureticse 1984 1256 4514 393 211 656 1.35 (1.17, 1.56) 1.27 (1.08, 1.50)
 Additionally adjusted for Stagef 270 155 409 43 18 66 0.88 (0.54, 1.44) 0.64 (0.35, 1.15)
 Additionally adjusted for Gradeg 1462 945 3316 258 134 422 1.31 (1.09, 1.57) 1.26 (1.03, 1.54)
 Restricted to patients with high grade diagnosish 909 610 1770 137 81 207 1.34 (1.06, 1.69) 1.37 (1.05, 1.79)
 Restricted to patients surgically treatedi 1029 556 3198 181 85 385 1.64 (1.30, 2.06) 1.74 (1.35, 2.23)
 Restricted to any hypertensive medication usej 899 563 1914 283 149 434 1.31 (1.09, 1.57) 1.14 (0.93, 1.39)
 Furosemide vs other antihypertensive medicationk 953 593 2169 372 199 612 1.49 (1.27, 1.76) 1.31 (1.10, 1.57)
 Year of diagnosisl: 1998 to 2002 507 365 1496 116 67 232 1.52 (1.17, 1.98) 1.50 (1.11, 2.02)
 2003 to 2007 719 476 1779 126 76 211 1.60 (1.25, 2.04) 1.64 (1.24, 2.15)
 2008 to 2013 779 427 1283 130 56 169 1.07 (0.81, 1.41) 1.01 (0.74, 1.38)
Restricted to any diagnosis of hypertension/edema/MI/HFm
 Main analysis 906 541 1978 264 138 440 1.36 (1.13, 1.64) 1.18 (0.96, 1.46)
 12 month lag 615 288 1606 168 75 334 1.46 (1.13, 1.88) 1.22 (0.91, 1.64)
 Adenocarcinoma 813 502 1721 235 130 393 1.33 (1.10, 1.62) 1.16 (0.93, 1.44)
 Additionally adjusted for smoking and alcoholc 550 368 739 160 101 155 1.36 (1.09, 1.70) 1.36 (1.04, 1.77)
 Additionally adjusted for BMId 630 401 1013 177 99 223 1.24 (0.99, 1.55) 1.14 (0.89, 1.47)
 All loop diureticse 890 533 1949 280 146 470 1.34 (1.11, 1.61) 1.18 (0.96, 1.45)
 Additionally adjusted for Stagef 129 68 154 33 51 46 1.01 (0.58, 1.78) 0.53 (0.24, 1.15)
 Additionally adjusted for Gradeg 659 408 1435 174 89 274 1.31 (1.04, 1.65) 1.11 (0.85, 1.45)
 Year of diagnosisn: 1998 to 2002 148 108 447 69 35 160 1.24 (0.85, 1.83) 0.95 (0.59, 1.54)
 2003 to 2007 325 208 809 86 56 141 1.65 (1.22, 2.22) 1.57 (1.11, 2.23)
 2008 to 2013 433 225 722 109 47 140 1.17 (0.85, 1.60) 1.04 (0.72, 1.49)
  1. aAdjusted for age at diagnosis, sex, year of diagnosis, deprivation, radiotherapy within 6 months, chemotherapy within 6 months, surgery within 6 months, comorbidities (prior to diagnosis, including cerebrovascular disease, chronic pulmonary disease, congestive heart disease, diabetes, myocardial infarction, peptic ulcer disease, peripheral vascular disease, renal disease, rheumatological disease and liver disease), and other medication use (statins, aspirin, time-varying after diagnosis)
  2. bSensitivity analyses based on the primary main analyses, including all eligible patients except were indicated
  3. cRestricted to patient with smoking and alcohol records
  4. dRestricted to patient with BMI records
  5. eAssociation between all loop diuretics (including furosemide, bumetanide and torasemide) use after diagnosis and gastric cancer mortality
  6. fAdditionally adjusted for tumor stage
  7. gAdditionally adjusted for tumor grade
  8. hRestricted to patients who were diagnosed as grade 3 or 4 cancer
  9. iRestricted to patients who received the surgery treatment within 6 months of diagnosis
  10. jRestricted to patients with any antihypertensive medication use in the year prior to cancer diagnosis
  11. kUsing other antihypertensive medications after cancer diagnosis as an active comparator
  12. lP-value for interaction across cancer diagnosis year is 0.390
  13. mRestricted to patients with any diagnosis of hypertension, edema, myocardial infarction or heart failure at any time prior to esophageal or gastric cancer diagnosis
  14. nP-value for interaction across cancer diagnosis year is 0.070
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