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Table 4 Sensitivity and subgroup analyses for furosemide use and gastric cancer-specific mortality

From: Furosemide use and survival in patients with esophageal or gastric cancer: a population-based cohort study

 

Non-users

Users

  
 

Patients

Deaths

Person-years

Patients

Deaths

Person-years

Unadjusted HR (95% CI)

Adjusteda HR (95% CI)

All patientsb

 Main analysis

2005

1268

4558

372

199

612

1.38 (1.19, 1.60)

1.27 (1.08, 1.50)

 All cancer death

2005

1405

4558

372

244

612

1.50 (1.31, 1.72)

1.37 (1.18, 1.59)

 All cause death

2005

1512

4558

372

293

612

1.63 (1.44, 1.85)

1.44 (1.25, 1.65)

 Use in the year before diagnosis

3584

2534

5693

608

431

573

1.32 (1.19, 1.46)

1.12 (1.00, 1.26)

 12 month lag

1360

712

3733

234

101

464

1.35 (1.10, 1.67)

1.21 (0.96, 1.53)

 Adenocarcinoma

1813

1182

4015

336

186

561

1.33 (1.14, 1.55)

1.25 (1.05, 1.49)

 Additional adjusted for smoking and alcoholc

1091

780

1469

206

133

204

1.30 (1.08, 1.56)

1.41 (1.13, 1.75)

 Additional adjusted for BMId

1221

825

1984

234

135

282

1.27 (1.06, 1.53)

1.26 (1.02, 1.54)

 All loop diureticse

1984

1256

4514

393

211

656

1.35 (1.17, 1.56)

1.27 (1.08, 1.50)

 Additionally adjusted for Stagef

270

155

409

43

18

66

0.88 (0.54, 1.44)

0.64 (0.35, 1.15)

 Additionally adjusted for Gradeg

1462

945

3316

258

134

422

1.31 (1.09, 1.57)

1.26 (1.03, 1.54)

 Restricted to patients with high grade diagnosish

909

610

1770

137

81

207

1.34 (1.06, 1.69)

1.37 (1.05, 1.79)

 Restricted to patients surgically treatedi

1029

556

3198

181

85

385

1.64 (1.30, 2.06)

1.74 (1.35, 2.23)

 Restricted to any hypertensive medication usej

899

563

1914

283

149

434

1.31 (1.09, 1.57)

1.14 (0.93, 1.39)

 Furosemide vs other antihypertensive medicationk

953

593

2169

372

199

612

1.49 (1.27, 1.76)

1.31 (1.10, 1.57)

 Year of diagnosisl: 1998 to 2002

507

365

1496

116

67

232

1.52 (1.17, 1.98)

1.50 (1.11, 2.02)

 2003 to 2007

719

476

1779

126

76

211

1.60 (1.25, 2.04)

1.64 (1.24, 2.15)

 2008 to 2013

779

427

1283

130

56

169

1.07 (0.81, 1.41)

1.01 (0.74, 1.38)

Restricted to any diagnosis of hypertension/edema/MI/HFm

 Main analysis

906

541

1978

264

138

440

1.36 (1.13, 1.64)

1.18 (0.96, 1.46)

 12 month lag

615

288

1606

168

75

334

1.46 (1.13, 1.88)

1.22 (0.91, 1.64)

 Adenocarcinoma

813

502

1721

235

130

393

1.33 (1.10, 1.62)

1.16 (0.93, 1.44)

 Additionally adjusted for smoking and alcoholc

550

368

739

160

101

155

1.36 (1.09, 1.70)

1.36 (1.04, 1.77)

 Additionally adjusted for BMId

630

401

1013

177

99

223

1.24 (0.99, 1.55)

1.14 (0.89, 1.47)

 All loop diureticse

890

533

1949

280

146

470

1.34 (1.11, 1.61)

1.18 (0.96, 1.45)

 Additionally adjusted for Stagef

129

68

154

33

51

46

1.01 (0.58, 1.78)

0.53 (0.24, 1.15)

 Additionally adjusted for Gradeg

659

408

1435

174

89

274

1.31 (1.04, 1.65)

1.11 (0.85, 1.45)

 Year of diagnosisn: 1998 to 2002

148

108

447

69

35

160

1.24 (0.85, 1.83)

0.95 (0.59, 1.54)

 2003 to 2007

325

208

809

86

56

141

1.65 (1.22, 2.22)

1.57 (1.11, 2.23)

 2008 to 2013

433

225

722

109

47

140

1.17 (0.85, 1.60)

1.04 (0.72, 1.49)

  1. aAdjusted for age at diagnosis, sex, year of diagnosis, deprivation, radiotherapy within 6 months, chemotherapy within 6 months, surgery within 6 months, comorbidities (prior to diagnosis, including cerebrovascular disease, chronic pulmonary disease, congestive heart disease, diabetes, myocardial infarction, peptic ulcer disease, peripheral vascular disease, renal disease, rheumatological disease and liver disease), and other medication use (statins, aspirin, time-varying after diagnosis)
  2. bSensitivity analyses based on the primary main analyses, including all eligible patients except were indicated
  3. cRestricted to patient with smoking and alcohol records
  4. dRestricted to patient with BMI records
  5. eAssociation between all loop diuretics (including furosemide, bumetanide and torasemide) use after diagnosis and gastric cancer mortality
  6. fAdditionally adjusted for tumor stage
  7. gAdditionally adjusted for tumor grade
  8. hRestricted to patients who were diagnosed as grade 3 or 4 cancer
  9. iRestricted to patients who received the surgery treatment within 6 months of diagnosis
  10. jRestricted to patients with any antihypertensive medication use in the year prior to cancer diagnosis
  11. kUsing other antihypertensive medications after cancer diagnosis as an active comparator
  12. lP-value for interaction across cancer diagnosis year is 0.390
  13. mRestricted to patients with any diagnosis of hypertension, edema, myocardial infarction or heart failure at any time prior to esophageal or gastric cancer diagnosis
  14. nP-value for interaction across cancer diagnosis year is 0.070