Skip to main content

Table 3 Sensitivity and subgroup analyses for furosemide use and esophageal cancer-specific mortality

From: Furosemide use and survival in patients with esophageal or gastric cancer: a population-based cohort study

 

Non-users

Users

Unadjusted HR (95% CI)

Adjusteda HR (95% CI)

 

Patients

Deaths

Person-years

Patients

Deaths

Person-years

All patientsb

 Main analysis

2365

1625

4336

343

219

471

1.47 (1.27, 1.69)

1.28 (1.10, 1.50)

 All cancer death

2365

1730

4336

343

248

471

1.56 (1.36, 1.78)

1.34 (1.16, 1.55)

 All cause death

2365

1784

4336

343

277

471

1.68 (1.47, 1.90)

1.44 (1.25, 1.65)

 Use in the year before diagnosis

3862

2836

5739

567

438

469

1.46 (1.32, 1.62)

1.14 (1.02, 1.28)

 12 month lag

1481

883

3401

208

112

336

1.56 (1.28, 1.90)

1.41 (1.13, 1.75)

Tumor typec

 Adenocarcinoma

1478

1015

2837

218

145

322

1.55 (1.30, 1.85)

1.30 (1.07, 1.57)

 Squamous cell carcinoma

717

496

1214

99

59

115

1.38 (1.05, 1.81)

1.64 (1.18, 2.26)

 Additionally adjusted for smoking and alcohold

1391

1031

1581

182

134

173

1.34 (1.11, 1.60)

1.12 (0.91, 1.36)

 Additionally adjusted for BMIe

1448

1036

1928

218

148

243

1.25 (1.05, 1.49)

1.09 (0.90, 1.32)

 All loop diureticsf

2348

1613

4313

360

231

492

1.44 (1.25, 1.66)

1.24 (1.06, 1.44)

 Additionally adjusted for stageg

473

285

641

47

26

62

1.24 (0.83, 1.86)

1.19 (0.74, 1.91)

 Additionally adjusted for gradeh

1775

1229

3131

246

164

312

1.55 (1.31, 1.82)

1.44 (1.20, 1.73)

 Restricted to patients with high grade diagnosisi

908

661

1371

98

70

113

1.55 (1.21, 1.99)

1.36 (1.04, 1.79)

 Restricted to patients surgically treatedj

959

579

2460

125

70

248

1.64 (1.28, 2.11)

1.44 (1.10, 1.90)

 Restricted to any hypertensive medication usek

1062

736

1676

264

174

335

1.34 (1.13, 1.58)

1.13 (0.94, 1.36)

 Furosemide vs other antihypertensive medicationl

1106

771

1909

343

219

471

1.46 (1.25, 1.70)

1.27 (1.07, 1.49)

 Year of diagnosism: 1998 to 2002

482

372

1095

85

58

131

1.72 (1.30, 2.27)

1.46 (1.06, 1.99)

 2003 to 2007

789

601

1701

123

80

179

1.45 (1.15, 1.84)

1.28 (0.99, 1.65)

 2008 to 2013

1094

652

1540

135

81

162

1.32 (1.05, 1.67)

1.22 (0.94, 1.59)

Restricted to any diagnosis of hypertension/edema/MI/HFn

 Main analysis

1097

763

1747

233

148

285

1.29 (1.08, 1.55)

1.07 (0.88, 1.30)

 12 month lag

683

422

1314

138

75

194

1.31 (1.02, 1.68)

1.04 (0.79, 1.37)

Tumor typeo

 Adenocarcinoma

715

493

1192

146

98

188

1.43 (1.14, 1.78)

1.08 (0.85, 1.39)

 Squamous cell carcinoma

310

214

471

71

41

78

1.18 (0.85, 1.66)

1.32 (0.87, 2.00)

 Additionally adjusted for smoking and alcohold

758

567

785

137

97

137

1.15 (0.92, 1.43)

0.95 (0.74, 1.21)

 Additionally adjusted for BMIe

774

562

900

162

107

182

1.03 (0.83, 1.27)

0.83 (0.65, 1.05)

 All loop diureticsf

1082

752

1730

248

159

302

1.28 (1.08, 1.52)

1.03 (0.84, 1.25)

 Additionally adjusted for Stageg

275

160

351

33

17

32

1.29 (0.78, 2.14)

1.37 (0.76, 2.48)

 Additionally adjusted for Gradeh

832

578

1328

172

112

211

1.41 (1.15, 1.72)

1.25 (0.99, 1.57)

 Year of diagnosisp: 1998 to 2002

149

120

290

43

30

47

1.47 (0.98, 2.20)

1.07 (0.65, 1.77)

 2003 to 2007

348

279

685

83

58

112

1.34 (1.01, 1.79)

1.12 (0.81, 1.54)

 2008 to 2013

600

364

772

107

60

126

1.16 (0.88, 1.52)

0.99 (0.72, 1.36)

  1. aAdjusted for age at diagnosis, sex, year of diagnosis, deprivation, radiotherapy within 6 months, chemotherapy within 6 months, surgery within 6 months, comorbidities (prior to diagnosis, including cerebrovascular disease, chronic pulmonary disease, congestive heart disease, diabetes, myocardial infarction, peptic ulcer disease, peripheral vascular disease, renal disease, rheumatological disease and liver disease), and other medication use (statins, aspirin, time-varying after diagnosis)
  2. bSensitivity analyses based on the primary main analyses, including all eligible patients except were indicated
  3. cP-value for interaction for esophageal cancer is 0.794
  4. dRestricted to patient with smoking and alcohol records
  5. eRestricted to patient with BMI records
  6. fAssociation between all loop diuretics (including furosemide, bumetanide and torasemide) use after diagnosis and gastric or esophageal cancer mortality
  7. gAdditionally adjusted for tumor stage
  8. hAdditionally adjusted for tumor grade
  9. iRestricted to patients who were diagnosed as grade 3 or 4 cancer
  10. jRestricted to patients who received the surgery treatment within 6 months of diagnosis
  11. kRestricted to patients with any antihypertensive medication use in the year prior to cancer diagnosis
  12. lUsing other antihypertensive medications after cancer diagnosis as an active comparator
  13. mP-value for interaction across cancer diagnosis year is 0.265
  14. nRestricted to patients with any diagnosis of hypertension, edema, myocardial infarction or heart failure at any time prior to esophageal cancer diagnosis
  15. oP-value for interaction for esophageal cancer is 0.524
  16. pP-value for interaction across cancer diagnosis year is 0.964