Fig. 3

Autophagy pathway modulated by GX 15–070 treatment. a Immunoblotting analyses were performed on protein lysates from SK-N-DZ and IGR-NB8 cells treated with GX 15–070. Anti-LC3 and Beclin 1 antibodies were used. β-actin was used as a loading control.. b Cell viability of 5X10³ SK-N-DZ and IGR-NB8 cells treated with different concentrations of GX 15–070 ranging from 0.078 to 5 μM in combination with HCQ at (30 μM) for 48 h was determined by MTT assays. Viability was calculated as the percentage of living cells in treated cultures compared to those in control cultures. Each value represents the mean ± SEM (n = 3). c Synergistic effect of GX 15–070 and HCQ on cell growth in vitro. Cells were treated with increasing concentrations of drugs either alone or concurrently at their equipotent molar ratio and combination indices (CIs) calculated by the method of Chou and Talaly (CI calculates synergism,0.8; additivity between .0.8 and,1.2; antagonism .1.2. All values are given as mean + SD of at least 3 independent experiments)