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Table 1 Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis

From: First-degree family history of breast cancer is associated with prostate cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Year

Country

Study disgn

Follow up duration

Sample size

Exposure

Measure of effect

RR (prostae cancer risk) (95% CI)

Adjustment factors

Tulinius

1992

Iceland

Cohort

1955–1988

29,725

Mother with BCa

RR

1.40(0.51,3.05)

–

Sister with BCa

1.29(0.9,1.79)

 

Daughter with BCa

1.45(1.02,2.00)

 

Goldgar

1994

USA

Cohort

1952–1992

656,017

First degree relatives with BCa

RR

1.23(1.1,1.3)

–

Hayes

1995

USA

Case-control

–

Case: 981 Control: 1315

First degree relatives with BCa

OR

1.3(0.9,1.9)

Socio-economic status, based upon usual occupation,education, income, and marital status

Mother with BCa

1.0(0.6,1.7)

Sister with BCa

1.8(1.1,3.0)

Isaacs

1995

USA

Case-control

–

Case: 690 Control: 683

Mother with BCa

OR

2.05(1.01,4.14)

Age

Sister with BCa

OR

1.53(0.78,3.00)

McCAHY

1996

UK

Case-control

–

Case:209 Control:322

First degree relatives with BCa

OR

1.69(0.9,3.15)

–

Glover

1998

Jamaica

Case-control

–

Case: 263 Control: 263

First degree relatives with BCa

OR

0.89(0.46,1.71)

–

Rodriguez

1998

USA

Cohort

1982–1994

480,802

First degree relatives with BCa

RR

1.16(1.01,1.33)

Age, race, years of education, number of sisters and number of sisters older than 50 years of age, Jewish religion, BMI, physical activity, vegetable and fat intake, smoking status, and previous vasectomy

Mother with BCa

1.34(1.11,1.62)

Sister with BCa

0.97(0.78,1.20)

History of BCa diagnosis at age<50

1.23(0.94,1.62)

History of BCa diagnosis at age>50

1.16(0.98,1.37)

Kalish

2000

USA

Cohort

1987–1997

1156

Mother with BCa

RR

1.18(0.51,2.43)

–

Bai

2005

China

Case-control

–

Case:238 Control:471

First degree relatives with BCa

OR

2.04 (0.75, 5.51)

Age, vasectomy history

Mother with BCa

2.01 (0.28, 14.38)

Sister with BCa

4.03 (0.73, 22.14)

Daughter with BCa

1.01 (0.18, 5.54)

Negri

2005

Italy

Case-control

–

Case:1294 Control:2820

First degree relatives with BCa

OR

1.20(0.8,1.8)

Age, study centre, period of interview, education, occupational physical activity at 30–39 years of age and no of siblings (or sisters or brothers when appropriate)

Beebe-Dimmer

2006

USA

Case-control

–

Case:121 Control:179

Mother with BCa

OR

0.52 (0.10,2.69)

Age

Sister with BCa

3.80 (1.57–9.22)

Daughter with BCa

1.01 (0.19–5.28)

Suzuki

2007

Japan

Case-control

–

Case: 257 Control: 28,125

First degree relatives with BCa

OR

3.6 (1.1–11.7)

Smoking history, drinking, BMI, exercise habit, and referral pattern to the hospital

Chen

2008

USA

Cohort

1986–2004

51,529

First degree relatives with BCa

RR

1.30(1.13,1.49)

Ethnicity, BMI, total calories, vigorous activity, cigarette smoking, and consumption of tomato sauce, calcium, alpha linolenic fatty acid, fish, and red meat

Mother with BCa

1.24(1.06,1.45)

Sister with BCa

1.19(0.98,1.45)

Mori

2011

Japan

Case-control

–

Case:142 Control:468

Mother or sister with BCa

OR

2.70(1.12,6.49)

–

Thomas II

2012

USA

Cross section

–

8122

Frist degree relatives with BCa

OR

1.04(0.84,1.29)

Age, race, PSA, BMI, TRUS volume, geographic region, DRE findings and treatment arm

Mother with BCa

1.07(0.8,1.42)

Sister with BCa

1.30(0.95,1.78)

Frank

2017

Sweden

Cohort

1958–2012

15,700,000

Frist degree relatives with BCa

RR

1.12(1.08,1.16)

Sex, age group, calendar period, residential area, and socioeconomic status

Barber

2018

USA

Cohort

1996–2012

37,002

Frist degree relatives with BCa

HR

1.21(1.1,1.34)

Age, race, BMI, smoking status, PSA screening, PSA testing intensity, alcohol intake, vigorous physical activity, total energy intake, consumption of tomato sauce, and red meat

Mother with BCa

1.14(1.01,1.27)

Sister with BCa

1.20(1.04,1.39)

Lamy

2018

France

Case-control

–

Case:819 Control:879

First degree relatives with BCa

OR

1.13(0.84,1.52)

Age, ethnic origin, number of first-degree female relatives and famili history of prostate cancer in first-degree relatives

Mother with BCa

1.04(0.71,1.52)

Sister with BCa

1.10(0.72,1.68)

Daughter with BCa

15.26(1.95,120)

History of BCa diagnosis at age<50

1.79(1.09,2.94)

History of BCa diagnosis at age>50

0.88(0.61,1.27)

  1. BCa: breast cancer; PCa: prostate cancer; RR: Relative risk; OR: odds ratio; HR: hazard ratio