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Table 1 Cases of gingival metastasis by hepatocellular carcinoma with survival data in reviewed literatures

From: Gingival metastasis from primary hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report and literature review of 30 cases

Case Number

Source

Gender

Age

Gingival neoplasm as first sign

Metastasis besides gingiva

Lesion location on gingiva

Major lesion manifestation

Preexisting Hepatopathy

Differentiation Grade

Primary tumor therapy

Giginval tumor therapy

Truncated/Overall survival

1

Lapeyrolerie, 1964

Male

56

Yes

Lungs, Pancreas, Adrenal, LNs

Upper

Ulceration

ND

Poor

ND

ND

2/2 months

2

Radden, 1966

Male

51

Yes

Lung, LNs, Skin, Peritoneum

Left Upper

Swelling

Alcoholic cirrhosis

Undifferentiation

None

Resection

2/2 months

3

Lund, 1970

Male

52

No

Lungs

Lower

ND

ND

High

Hepatectomy

Resection

39/15 months

4

Kuga, 1976

Male

65

No

None

Left Upper

Bleeding

None

Poor

None

Resection

1/1 month

5

Wedgwood, 1979

Male

56

No

None

Right Upper

Bleeding

Alcoholic cirrhosis

Moderate

None

Resection

6/1 months

6

Morishita, 1984

Male

64

No

Lungs, Adrenals, LNs

Central Upper

Bleeding

Liver cirrhosis

Moderate

TACE

Resection

22/1 months

7

Kanazawa, 1989

Female

78

Yes

Skull, Lumbar vertebrae

Right Upper

Bleeding

Post-hepatitis cirrhosis

Moderate

None

Resection

4/4 months

8

Llanes, 1996

Male

66

Yes

None

Lower

Ulceration, Bleeding

None

Moderate

None

Resection

5/5 months

9

English, 2000

Male

44

No

Nasal cavity, Bone

Left Upper

Swelling

Post hepatitis C cirrhosis, Liver transplant

ND

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy

> 24/> 3 months

10

Maiorano, 2000

Male

70

Yes

Lungs, Brain

Lower

Slow enlarging

None

Moderate

TACE

Resection

8/8 months

11

Papa, 2001

Male

55

No

Manaible anailiac bones, Ribs, Scapule, Pleura, Brain

Lower

Uncontrolled Bleeding

Post hepatitis C cirrhosis

Moderate

Liver tumor alcoholization, TACE

Segmental resection of left mandible

> 92/> 8 months

12

Choi, 2002

Male

59

No

Lungs

Left Upper

Ulceration, Bleeding

None

Moderate

Partial hepatectomy, TACE

Resection

2/2 months

13

Ramirez, 2003

Male

65

No

None

Central Upper

Bleeding

Alcoholic cirrhosis

Moderate

Chemotherapy

Resection

15/8 months

14

Rim, 2003

Female

70

No

None

Central Lower

Easy bleeding

Post hepatitis B cirrhosis

Moderate

TAE

Resection

> 7/> 7 months

15

Pires, 2004

Male

60

No

Lung, Skin of multiple sites

Central-Left Lower

Ulceration

Post hepatitis B cirrhosis

Moderate

Partial hepatectomy, TACE

Partial resection

38/6 months

16

Arai, 2004

Female

72

No

Cardiac muscle, Abdominal LN

Central Upper

Rapid enlarging, Bleeding

Post hepatitis C cirrhosis

Moderate

TACE

Radiotherapy

10/1 months

17

Elkhoury, 2004

Female

44

Yes

Left cervical LN, Small bowel, Submental

Right and Left lower

Occasional bleeding

ND

Undifferentiation

Palliative care

Palliative care

5/5 months

  1. ND not described, LN lymph node, TACE transarterial chemoembolization, TAE transcatheter arterial embolization.
  2. ∗Truncated survival, the period from onset of gingival metastasis to death