Table 3 Local recurrence-free survival and distant metastasis-free survival analyses for training and internal validation cohorts

  High vs. low

6.63 (2.02–21.77), < 0.001*

1.85 (0.73–4.69), 0.174

6.79 (2.07–22.29), < 0.001*

1.346 (0.822-2.203), 0.329

  > 60y vs. ≤60y

0.40 (0.11–1.49), 0.170

0.70 (0.30–1.62), 0.444

0.28 (0.07–1.09), 0.067

0.94 (0.63–1.40), 0.914

  Female vs. male

0.63 (0.16–2.47), 0.503

0.94 (0.41–2.18), 0.892

1.56 (0.43–5.70), 0.497

1.20 (0.80–1.79), 0.373

  Stage II- III vs. I

3.61 (1.12–11.65), 0.032*

1.09 (0.64–1.87), 0.196

3.56 (1.11–11.39), 0.032*

1.33 (1.02–1.73), < 0.001

  Rectum vs. colon

0.94 (0.26–3.44), 0.926

0.30 (0.10–0.89), 0.028

0.69 (0.20–2.35), 0.552

1.50 (0.92–2.24), 0.076

  High vs. low

8.66 (2.24–33.41), 0.002*

1.71 (0.67–4.35), 0.285

6.61 (1.85–23.60), 0.004*

1.30 (0.79–2.13), 0.451