Fig. 1

RNF43 was associated with E-cadherin downregulation in lung adenocarcinoma. a, Total protein extracts from cancerous (left) and paracancerous (right) tissues were analyzed by antibodies and processed for high-throughput immunoblotting using protein antibody microarrays consisting of 650 antibodies. b, The microarray analysis described in A unveiled the differences in protein expression between cancerous and paracancerous tissues, revealing significant upregulation (red color) of RNF43 and p-Src in lung adenocarcinoma. The green and yellow colors represent equal signals and downregulation (E-cad) in lung adenocarcinoma. c, Luciferase-based siRNA library screen for human E3 ligases identified multiple E3 candidates upon knockdown in SUM-E-cad-Luc/R-Luc cells, which increased luciferase activity by more than 4-fold. d, Immunohistochemical staining for RNF43 and E-cadherin was performed at high magnification (× 400)