TY - JOUR AU - Ruuskanen, Miia AU - Leivo, Ilmo AU - Minn, Heikki AU - Vahlberg, Tero AU - Haglund, Caj AU - Hagström, Jaana AU - Irjala, Heikki PY - 2019 DA - 2019/06/25 TI - Expression of toll-like receptors in non-endemic nasopharyngeal carcinoma JO - BMC Cancer SP - 624 VL - 19 IS - 1 AB - Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant disease with an enigmatic etiology. NPC associates with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomaviruses (HPVs), while immunological factors also play a role in carcinogenesis. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that participate in the immunological defence against pathogens, but their functions are also linked to cancer. SN - 1471-2407 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-019-5816-9 DO - 10.1186/s12885-019-5816-9 ID - Ruuskanen2019 ER -