Table 1 MMPs in Cancer

1

Initial invasion, promotes metastasis [5, 6]

8

13

Growth, invasion, and angiogenesis of skin squamous cell carcinoma [7]

7

Contributes to invasive potential, proliferation, anti-apoptotic, immune surveillance [1, 8]

26

Activates MMP-9 in prostate cancer, role in early skin carcinogenesis [9, 10]

12

Protective inhibition of tumor growth, anti-angiogenic [11]

3

Invasion, metastasis, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition [12,13,14]

10

Invasion, migration, and growth; prevents tumor cell apoptosis; produces angiogenic and metastatic factors [15,16,17]

11

Produced by peritumoral stromal fibroblasts; regulates early tumor invasion, implantation, and expansion; prevents apoptosis of early cancer cells [18,19,20]

2

Proteolytic degradation of extracellular proteins in tumor invasion, collagenolytic pathway driver for lymphatic vessel formation, tumor angiogenesis [1, 15, 16]

9

Proteolytic degradation of extracellular proteins during tumor invasion [1, 15]

20

Synthesized in odontogenic tumors [21]

14

Cleaves other pro MMPs (mainly MMP2) to activate them, role in invasive blood vessel growth, and promoting metastasis. In vitro has been shown to promote invasion [22, 23]

15

In vitro shown to play role in epithelial to mesenchymal transition, promotes angiogenesis [24, 25]

16

In vitro promotes invasion and metastasis [26, 27]

17

Induce angiogenesis promote growth and metastasis [25, 28]

24

Progression in brain tumors, aides in migration and metastasis [29, 30]

25

In vitro tumor growth promoter [31]

19

In vitro modulates proliferation, adhesion, and metastasis [32, 33]

21

Expression changes associated with cancer prognosis. [34]

23A

Expression levels altered in multiple cancers. Urinary levels decreased in renal cell carcinoma. [35, 36]

23B

27

28

Promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition, promotes invasion and metastasis [37]