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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the immunotherapy group and control group before and after propensity score matching

From: Adjuvant cytokine-induced killer cell immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: a propensity score-matched analysis of real-world data

 

Before propensity-matched population

After propensity-matched population

 

Immunotherapy (n = 59)

Control group (n = 158)

P value

Immunotherapy (n = 59)

Control group (n = 59)

P value

d a

Male sex, N (%)

45 (76.3%)

125 (79.1%)

0.79

45 (76.3%)

46 (78.0%)

1.00

0.040

Age, yrs

57.0 (48.5–62.0)

59.0 (52.0–65.0)

0.28

57.0 (48.5–62.0)

59.0 (52.0–65.0)

0.30

0.158

Treatment modality

  

1.00

  

0.37

0.224

 RFA

10 (16.9%)

28 (17.7%)

 

10 (16.9%)

15 (25.4%)

  

 Surgical resection

49 (83.1%)

130 (82.3%)

 

49 (83.1%)

44 (74.6%)

  

HCC stage, N (%)

  

0.02

  

0.46

0.170

 Stage I

25 (42.4%)

97 (61.4%)

 

25 (42.4%)

30 (50.8%)

  

 Stage II

34 (57.6%)

61 (38.6%)

 

34 (57.6%)

29 (49.2%)

  

Number of HCC, N (%)

  

0.64

  

1.00

< 0.001

 < 3

57 (96.6%)

156 (98.7%)

 

57 (96.6%)

57 (96.6%)

  

 ≥ 3

2 (3.4%)

2 (1.3%)

 

2 (3.4%)

2 (3.4%)

  

Size of HCC, cm

2.9 (2.1–3.9)

2.5 (1.7–3.5)

0.07

2.9 (2.1–3.9)

2.3 (1.9–3.6)

0.23

0.115

Cause of liver disease, N (%)

  

0.76

  

1.00

< 0.001

 HBV infection

53 (89.8%)

136 (86.1%)

 

53 (89.8%)

53 (89.8%)

  

 HCV infection

2 (3.4%)

8 (5.1%)

 

2 (3.4%)

2 (3.4%)

  

 Others

4 (6.8%)

14 (8.9%)

 

4 (6.8%)

4 (6.8%)

  

Cirrhosis, N (%)

35 (59.3%)

48 (30.4%)

< 0.001

35 (59.3%)

31 (52.5%)

0.58

0.137

α-fetoprotein level, ng/mL

3.8 (2.6–6.2)

3.6 (2.5–7.1)

0.56

3.8 (2.6–6.2)

4.1 (2.7–8.5)

0.67

0.091

PIVKA-II, mAU/mL

20.0 (16.0–23.0)

19.0 (16.0–26.0)

0.52

20.0 (16.0–23.0)

20.0 (15.0–25.5)

0.58

0.102

Aspartate aminotransferase level, IU/L

31.0 (26.0–40.0)

26.0 (22.0–34.0)

0.005

31.0 (26.0–40.0)

29.0 (24.0–37.5)

0.37

0.161

Alanine aminotransferase level, IU/L

30.0 (17.5–38.0)

22.5 (17.0–33.0)

0.12

30.0 (17.5–38.0)

22.0 (18.5–33.0)

0.29

0.206

Alkaline phosphatase level, IU/L

78.0 (65.5–95.0)

85.0 (70.0–101.0)

0.16

78.0 (65.5–95.0)

87.0 (73.0–103.0)

0.06

–

Albumin level, g/dL

4.2 (4.0–4.5)

4.1 (3.8–4.3)

0.02

4.2 (4.0–4.5)

4.2 (3.8–4.5)

0.70

0.126

Total bilirubin level, mg/dL

0.6 (0.5–0.8)

0.7 (0.6–0.9)

0.01

0.6 (0.5–0.8)

0.7 (0.6–0.9)

0.06

0.245

Prothrombin time, INR

1.1 (1.0–1.1)

1.1 (1.0–1.2)

0.39

1.1 (1.0–1.1)

1.1 (1.0–1.2)

0.72

0.051

Creatinine level, mg/dL

0.9 (0.8–1.0)

0.8 (0.7–0.9)

0.12

0.9 (0.8–1.0)

0.8 (0.7–0.9)

0.08

–

Platelet, ×103/mm3

165.0 (123.0–221.0)

184.5 (136.0–233.0)

0.17

165.0 (123.0–221.0)

158.0 (130.5–200.0)

0.72

0.069

Lymphocyte to monocyte ratio

4.0 (3.0–5.2)

4.4 (3.6–5.7)

0.09

4.4 (3.6–5.7)

4.2 (2.8–5.4)

0.33

0.005

  1. Data are expressed as n (%), median (interquartile range)
  2. RFA radiofrequency ablation, HCC hepatocellular carcinoma, HBV hepatitis B virus, HCV hepatitis C virus, PIVKA-II protein induced by vitamin K absence-II, INR international normalized ratio
  3. aA standardized mean difference (d) of < 0.1 indicated very small differences; 0.1–0.3, small differences; 0.3–0.5, moderate differences; > 0.5, considerable differences
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