Fig. 3

miR-188-5p directly targets tumor suppressor PTEN. a Predicted binding sites of miR-188-5p in the wild-type 3′-UTR of PTEN. Mutations in the 3′-UTR are highlighted in red. b and c qPCR and western blotting analyses of PTEN expression in the indicated cells. d Luciferase activity of reporters with wild-type or mutant 3′-UTRs of PTEN in the indicated cells co-transfected with the indicated oligonucleotides. e The effect of transducing the ORF (without the 3′-UTR) of PTEN in a Transwell assay in the indicated control miRNA (NC)- or miR-188-transfected cells; Scale bar, 200 μm. Error bars represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments. **, P < 0.01; *, P < 0.05. NC, normal control; ORF, open reading frame; qPCR; quantitative real-time PCR; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; UTR, untranslated region