Fig. 1

Upregulation of miR-188-5p in GC is correlated with poor prognosis and lymph node metastasis. a Expression levels of miR-188-5p were analyzed in patients with (n = 261) and without metastasis (n = 117), whom N stage information was available in the TCGA stomach cancer dataset. b Kaplan–Meier analysis of the OS of patients with STAD for whom both N stage and OS information was available in the TCGA stomach cancer dataset. The patients were stratified by high (greater than the median, n = 153) versus low (less than or equal to the median, n = 154) expression of miR-188-5p. c qPCR analysis of the expression level of miR188-5p in tumors with (n = 84) and without metastatic relapse (n = 32) in the FMU cohort. d Kaplan–Meier analysis of the correlation between the miR-188-5p level and the 5-year OS of 116 patients with STAD in the FMU cohort. The patients were stratified by high (greater than the median, n = 58) versus low (less than or equal to the median, n = 58) expression of miR-188-5p. e Relative expression of miR-188-5p in eight pairs of GC tumor tissues and their corresponding adjacent non-cancerous tissues. f qPCR analysis of miR-188-5p expression in gastric epithelial cells, including primary NGECs (normal gastric epithelial cells) and a panel of seven human GC cell lines. Relative expression levels were normalized by U6 expression. Error bars represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments.***, P < 0.001; **, P < 0.01; *, P < 0.05. FMU, Fujian Medical University; GC gastric cancer; NGECs, normal gastric epithelial cells; OS, overall survival; qPCR; quantitative real-time PCR; STAD, stomach adenocarcinoma; TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas