Table 3 Bivariate logistic regression analyses of children and adolescent characteristics
Characteristic | Depression (N = 91) n (%) | No depression (N = 261) n (%) | OR (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | ||||
(7–9 years) | 14(15.4) | 101(38.7) | 1 | |
(10-17 years) | 77(84.6) | 160(61.3) | 3.47(1.83–6.56) | < 0.001 |
Region of origin | ||||
Central Uganda | 25(27.5) | 89(34.1) | 1 | |
Eastern Uganda | 25(27.5) | 46(17.6) | 1.5(0.49–4.77) | 0.45 |
Western Uganda | 16(17.6) | 67(25.7) | 0.85(0.41–1.7) | 0.65 |
Northern Uganda | 210(21.9) | 47(18) | 1.51(0.75–3.0) | 0.23 |
Foreigners | 5(5.5) | 12(4.6) | 1.45(0.47–4.63) | 0.49 |
Orphanhood status | ||||
Not orphan | 63(69.2) | 180(69.0) | 1 | |
Single orphan | 23(37.7) | 96(36.8) | 2.07(1.11–3.76) | 0.01 |
Double orphan | 5(5.4) | 14(6.0) | 2.44(0.76–8.03) | 0.12 |
HIV status | ||||
Negative | 72(79.1) | 233(89.3) | 1 | |
Positive | 19(20.9) | 28(10.7) | 2.19(1.15–4.19) | 0.01 |
Cancer category | ||||
Lymphomas | 31(34.1) | 121(46.4) | 1 | |
Leukaemia’s | 23(25.3) | 71(27.2) | 1.26(0.68–2.34) | 0.45 |
Embryonal tumours | 15(16.5) | 34(13.0) | 1.72(0.82–3.57) | 0.13 |
Primary bone tumours | 3(3.3) | 11(4.2) | 1.06(0.27–4.06) | 0.92 |
Others | 19(20.9) | 24(9.2) | 3.09(1.47–6.48) | < 0.001 |
Treatment duration | ||||
0–12 months | 72(79.1) | 167(64.0) | 1 | |
12–36 months | 15(16.5) | 88(33.7) | 0.39(0.21–0.73) | 0.002 |
> 36 months | 4(4.4) | 6(2.3) | 1.54(0.42–5.6) | 0.50 |
Relationship with caregiver | ||||
Parent | 46(50.4) | 157(60.2) | 1 | |
Relative | 12(13.2) | 30(11.5) | 1.36(0.64–2.88) | 0.43 |
Sibling | 7(7.7) | 19(7.3) | 1.25(0.49–3.18) | 0.62 |
Self (no relative/no caregiver) | 23(25.3) | 54(20.7) | 1.45(0.80–2.62) | 0.21 |
Other (friend/caretaker) | 3(3.3) | 1(0.4) | 10.23(1.0–104.8) | 0.01 |
Negative coping strategies | ||||
Denial | ||||
Yes | 37(40.7) | 104(39.8) | 1.03(0.63–1.68) | 0.89 |
No | 54(59.3) | 157(60.2) | 1 | |
Self-blame | ||||
Yes | 20(22) | 36(13.8) | 1.76(0.95–3.24) | 0.06 |
No | 71(78) | 225(86.2) | 1 | |
Substance use | ||||
Yes | 3(3.3) | 14(5.4) | 0.60(0.16–2.14) | 0.42 |
No | 88(96.7) | 249(94.6) | 1 | |
Behavioural disengagement | ||||
Yes | 51(56) | 122(46.7) | 1.42(0.89–2.35) | 0.12 |
No | 40(44) | 139(53.3) | 1 | |
Positive coping strategies | ||||
Self-distraction | ||||
Yes | 40(44) | 210(80.5) | 0.19(0.10–0.33) | < 0.001 |
No | 51(56) | 51(19.5) | 1 | |
Active coping | ||||
Yes | 85(93.4) | 244(93.5) | 0.98(0.37–2.58) | 0.97 |
No | 6(6.6) | 17(6.5) | 1 | |
Use of emotional support | ||||
Yes | 72(79.1) | 229(87.7) | 0.52(0.28–0.99) | 0.04 |
No | 19(20.9) | 32(12.3) | 1 | |
Use of instrumental support | ||||
Yes | 73(80.2) | 222(85.1) | 0.71(0.38–1.32) | 0.28 |
No | 18(19.8) | 39(14.9) | 1 | |
Acceptance | ||||
Yes | 42(46.2) | 148(56.7) | 0.65(0.40–1.05) | 0.08 |
No | 49(53.8) | 113(43.3) | 1 | |
Positive reframing | ||||
Yes | 27(29.7) | 176(67.4) | 0.51(0.31–0.84) | 0.07 |
No | 44(70.3) | 85(32.6) | 1 | |
Use of religion | ||||
Yes | 63(69.2) | 201(77) | 0.67(0.39–1.14) | 0.14 |
No | 28(30.8) | 60(23) | 1 | |
Perception of social support | ||||
Special person in patient’s life | ||||
Yes | 63(69.2) | 229(87.7) | 0.34(0.18–0.61) | 0.002 |
No | 28(30.8) | 32(12.3) | 1 | |
Emotional Support from family | ||||
Yes | 65(71.4) | 228(87.4) | 0.39(0.21–0.71) | 0.001 |
No | 26(28.6) | 33(12.6) | 1 | |
Friends in patient’s life | ||||
Yes | 64(70.3) | 226(86.6) | 0.36(0.20–0.65) | 0.004 |
No | 27(29.7) | 35(13.4) | 1 | |
Family help | ||||
Yes | 65(71.4) | 227(87) | 0.40(0.23–0.73) | 0.001 |
No | 26(28.6) | 34(13) | 1 | |