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Table 1 Correlations between CCN3 expression in non-cancerous hepatic tissues and clinicopathological features of HCC patients

From: Paracrine effects of CCN3 from non-cancerous hepatic cells increase signaling and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma

Variable

Patients (N = 186)

CCN3high

CCN3low

p

Age, y

  ≥ 53

70

27

0.759

  < 53

66

23

 

Sex

   

 Male

26

7

0.418

 Female

110

43

 

HBsAg

 Positive

132

46

0.132

 Negative

4

4

 

Cirrhosis

 Yes

126

39

0.005

 No

10

11

 

AFP (μg/L)

  ≥ 20

94

33

0.712

  < 20

42

17

 

Serum, ALT (IU/L)

  ≥ 75

11

10

0.023

  < 75

125

40

 

Tumor dimension

  ≥ 5 cm

26

11

0.630

  < 5 cm

112

39

 

No. of tumors

 Multiple

7

1

0.356*

 Single

129

49

 

Vascular invasion

 Yes

60

12

0.013

 No

76

38

 

Tumor encapsulation

 Complete

70

26

0.877

 None

66

24

 
  1. *Fisher’s exact tests, and Chi-squared tests for all other analyses
  2. CCN3 median values were used as cut-off points to identify subgroups (low expression and high expression groups). AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma