It’s never too late - balance and endurance training improves functional performance, quality of life, and alleviates neuropathic symptoms in cancer survivors suffering from chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: results of a randomized controlled trial

Kneis, S.; Wehrle, A.; Müller, J.; Maurer, C.; Ihorst, G.; Gollhofer, A.; Bertz, H.

doi:10.1186/s12885-019-5522-7

Table 3 Results of per-protocol analysis (N = 37)

From: It’s never too late - balance and endurance training improves functional performance, quality of life, and alleviates neuropathic symptoms in cancer survivors suffering from chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: results of a randomized controlled trial

		T0 median (range)	T1 median (range)	median difference* (95% CI)	P	r_ϕ
Balance performance
ST_EO sway path (mm)	IG	628 (477 – 1339)	616 (420 – 1261)	-76 (-141 – -17)	0.018	0.56
	CG	572 (326 – 928)	578 (319 – 809)	-6 (-52 – 50)	0.841	0.05
	P	0.049	0.327	0.049
ST_EC sway path (mm)	IG	1290 (735 – 4661)	1486 (804 – 4885)	-32 (-205 – 142)	0.717	0.09
	CG	1466 (649 – 3089)	1342 (607 – 2736)	39 (-115 – 160)	0.809	0.06
	P	0.781	0.408	0.659
MS_EO sway path (mm)	IG	1755 (1255 – 2440)	1667 (1058 – 3216)	-204 (-442 – 178)	0.214	0.41
	CG	1510 (844 – 2701)	1303 (711 – 2266)	-204 (-367 – 2)	0.056	0.51
	P	0.311	0.059	1.000
MS_EO duration (sec)	IG	30 (1 – 30)	30 (18 – 30)	1 (0 – 7)	0.051	0.49
	CG	30 (11 – 30)	30 (7 – 30)	0 (0 – 2)	0.500	0.15
	P	0.285	0.707	0.230
MS_EOunstable duration (sec)	IG	10 (4 – 30)	30 (5 – 30)	11 (8 – 17)	0.001	0.80
	CG	30 (4 – 30)	30 (5 – 30)	0 (0 – 5)	0.223	0.30
	P	0.011	0.845	0.000
Jumping performance
P_{max_jump} (W/kg)	IG	23 (15 – 42)	23 (15 – 42)	0.3 (-0.9 – 1.6)	0.569	0.14
	CG	28 (16 – 48)	29 (18 – 49)	1.3 (0.2 – 2.2)	0.044	0.50
	P	0.019	0.058	0.539
Jumping height (cm)	IG	21 (13 – 46)	22 (13 – 42)	1 (-0.4 – 3.2)	0.127	0.38
	CG	29 (10 – 45)	28 (17 – 47)	2 (0.5 – 3.5)	0.017	0.59
	P	0.045	0.068	0.838
Vibrations sense (scale 0–8)
First metacarpophalangeal joint	IG	2.5 (0.0 – 7.5)	3.4 (0.0 – 8.0)	0.4 (-0.3 – 1.3)	0.139	0.36
	CG	4.0 (0.0 – 7.8)	4.5 (0.5 – 6.6)	0.4 (-0.1 – 0.9)	0.083	0.40
	P	0.071	0.111	0.950
Knuckle	IG	3.8 (0.0 – 7.3)	4.1 (0.0 – 8.0)	0.0 (-1.1 – 0.9)	0.977	0.01
	CG	4.9 (0.0 – 7.0)	5.4 (0.0 – 7.0)	0.8 (0.3 – 1.3)	0.017	0.55
	P	0.471	0.049	0.175
Patella	IG	5.0 (0.0 – 8.0)	4.3 (0.0 – 7.3)	-0.8 (-2.0 – 0.0)	0.041	0.50
	CG	4.8 (0.0 – 6.5)	5.6 (0.8 – 7.0)	1.0 (0.4 – 1.6)	0.002	0.71
	P	0.196	0.005	0.000
Quality of life (%)
Global QoL	IG	63 (17 – 100)	79 (33 – 100)	8 (-4 – 17)	0.082	0.39
	CG	67 (17 – 100)	67 (50 – 100)	4 (-4 – 13)	0.307	0.23
	P	0.845	0.221	0.461
Subjective CIPN symptoms
CIPN20 sum score^#	IG	28 (6 – 85)	20 (9 – 69)	-10 (-17 – -4)	0.007	0.65
	CG	28 (4 – 70)	24 (4 – 63)	-6 (-11 – -1)	0.027	0.52
	P	0.782	0.499	0.257
CIPN20 sensory score^#	IG	41 (4 – 85)	26 (4 – 74)	-7 (-15 – 0)	0.028	0.53
	CG	38 (7 – 74)	30 (7 – 70)	-7 (-15 – 0)	0.018	0.56
	P	0.935	1.000	0.925
CIPN20 motor score^#	IG	25 (0 – 79)	8 (0 – 63)	-8 (-18 – 0)	0.006	0.67
	CG	17 (0 – 71)	13 (0 – 62)	-2 (-6 – 2)	0.278	0.26
	P	0.546	0.916	0.114
CIPN20 autonomic score^#	IG	17 (0 – 83)	0 (0 – 50)	-8 (-17 – 0)	0.006	0.65
	CG	14 (0 – 83)	17 (0 – 33)	-6 (-17 – 0)	0.151	0.34
	P	0.791	0.118	0.313
CIPN20 upper extremity score^#	IG	19 (0 – 91)	14 (0 – 81)	-7 (-14 – 2)	0.063	0.45
	CG	19 (0 – 71)	19 (0 – 62)	-3 (-7 – 1)	0.059	0.45
	P	0.961	0.641	0.616
CIPN20 lower extremity score^#	IG	33 (8 – 96)	25 (0 – 79)	-13 (-19 – -4)	0.007	0.66
	CG	29 (8 – 75)	25 (8 – 71)	-8 (-15 – -2)	0.014	0.58
	P	0.503	0.964	0.552
NtxS score^†	IG	29 (11 – 40)	32 (15 – 41)	3 (1 – 6)	0.015	0.59
	CG	31 (16 – 39)	31 (19 – 40)	2 (0 – 4)	0.064	0.42
	P	0.620	0.940	0.361
Cardiorespiratory fitness
V̇O_2peak (mL·min⁻¹·kg⁻¹)	IG	21 (16 – 35)	23 (17 – 33)	0.2 (-1.7 – 1.7)	0.650	0.15
	CG	23 (17 – 54)	25 (16 – 54)	1.4 (-0.4 – 3.5)	0.133	0.35
	P	0.369	0.242	0.417
P_{max_CPET} (W/kg)	IG	1.4 (0.9 – 2.4)	1.5 (0.8 – 2.4)	0.1 (0.0 – 0.2)	0.025	0.53
	CG	1.6 (0.9 – 3.4)	1.7 (0.9 – 3.5)	0.1 (0.0 – 0.2)	0.004	0.66
	P	0.408	0.245	0.443
IAT (W/kg)	IG	1.1 (0.6 – 2.0)	1.1 (0.6 – 1.8)	0.1 (-0.2 – 0.1)	0.122	0.36
	CG	1.1 (0.5 – 2.6)	1.3 (0.8 – 2.6)	0.1 (0.0 – 0.1)	0.020	0.54
	P	0.374	0.358	0.707

Notes: * prescribes the treatment effect by point estimation and 95% confidence interval of the Hodges-Lehmann’s median differences for paired groups; # scoring from 0 (no symptoms) – 100 (severe symptoms); † scoring from 0 (severe symptoms) – 44 (no symptoms); bold type indicates significance P<0.05
Abbreviations: T0 pre intervention, T1 post intervention, CI confidence interval, P p-value, rϕ Phi coefficient, STEO/ EC semi-tandem stance with eyes open/closed, MSEO/EOunstable Monopedal stance with eyes open on unstable surface, Pmax_jump/CEPT maximum power output during jumping/CEPT, CEPT cardiopulmonary exercise test, QoL quality of life, CIPN20 module of the EORTC-QLQ (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life) questionnaire, NtxS neurotoxicity subscale of FACT/GOG (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy/Gynaecology Oncology Group), V̇O_2peak peak oxygen consumption, IAT individual anaerobic threshold, IG interventions group, CG control group

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