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Table 2 Population characteristics stratified by any antihypertensive use after cohort entry through end of follow-up

From: Cardiovascular medication use and risks of colon cancer recurrences and additional cancer events: a cohort study

 

All (n = 2039)

No antihypertensive use (n = 614)

Any antihypertensive use (n = 1425)

n

(%)

n

(%)

n

(%)

Year of colon cancer diagnosis

 1995–1999

410

(20.1)

105

(17.1)

305

(21.4)

 2000–2004

569

(27.9)

157

(25.6)

412

(28.9)

 2005–2009

579

(28.4)

171

(27.9)

408

(28.6)

 2010–2014

481

(23.6)

181

(29.5)

300

(21.1)

Age at diagnosis (years)

 mean (SD)

69.9

(11.6)

65.8

(12.7)

71.6

(10.6)

  < 50

94

(4.6)

59

(9.6)

35

(2.5)

 50–59

294

(14.4)

136

(22.1)

158

(11.1)

 60–69

530

(26.0)

165

(26.9)

365

(25.6)

 70–79

677

(33.2)

162

(26.4)

515

(36.1)

 80+

444

(21.8)

92

(15.0)

352

(24.7)

Sex

 Female

1066

(52.3)

323

(52.6)

743

(52.1)

 Male

973

(47.7)

291

(47.4)

682

(47.9)

Hispanic ethnicity

 Not Hispanic

1742

(85.4)

513

(83.6)

1229

(86.2)

 Hispanic

93

(4.6)

29

(4.7)

64

(4.5)

 Unknowna

204

(10.0)

72

(11.7)

132

(9.3)

Race

 White

1582

(77.6)

467

(76.1)

1115

(78.2)

 Black

70

(3.4)

15

(2.4)

55

(3.9)

 Asian

66

(3.2)

23

(3.7)

43

(3.0)

 American Indian/Alaska Native

9

(0.4)

1

(0.2)

8

(0.6)

 Hawaiian/Pacific Islander

5

(0.2)

2

(0.3)

3

(0.2)

 Multiple race

19

(0.9)

7

(1.1)

12

(0.8)

 Other/Unknown

288

(14.1)

99

(16.1)

189

(13.3)

Smoking before diagnosis

 Never

916

(45.2)

307

(50.4)

609

(42.9)

 Ever

1112

(54.8)

302

(49.6)

810

(57.1)

 Unknown

11

 

5

 

6

 

Charlson score at diagnosis

 mean (SD)

0.8

(1.4)

0.3

(0.8)

1.1

(1.5)

 0

1085

(53.2)

453

(73.8)

632

(44.4)

 1

429

(21.0)

87

(14.1)

342

(24.0)

 2

184

(9.0)

19

(3.1)

165

(11.6)

 3+

225

(11.0)

22

(3.6)

203

(14.3)

 Unknowna

116

(5.7)

33

(5.4)

83

(5.8)

BMI at diagnosis (kg/m2)

 mean (SD)

27.9

(5.9)

26.7

(5.3)

28.5

(6.1)

 Underweight (< 18.5)

41

(2.1)

17

(2.9)

24

(1.8)

 Normal (18.5–24.9)

610

(31.4)

223

(38.4)

387

(28.4)

 Overweight (25–29.9)

702

(36.2)

212

(36.6)

490

(36.0)

 Obese (30–34.9)

380

(19.6)

90

(15.5)

290

(21.3)

 Morbidly obese (35+)

208

(10.7)

38

(6.6)

170

(12.5)

 Unknown

98

 

34

 

64

 

Diagnoses in the year before colon cancer

 Diabetes

400

(19.6)

36

(5.9)

364

(25.5)

 Hyperlipidemia/hypercholesterolemia

655

(32.1)

128

(20.8)

527

(37.0)

 Hypertension

1111

(54.5)

106

(17.3)

1005

(70.5)

Stage at colon cancer diagnosis

 I

911

(44.7)

286

(46.6)

625

(43.9)

 IIA

935

(45.9)

247

(40.2)

688

(48.3)

 IIB

117

(5.7)

52

(8.5)

65

(4.6)

 IIIA

76

(3.7)

29

(4.7)

47

(3.3)

Grade

 Grade I

187

(9.7)

48

(8.4)

139

(10.3)

 Grade II

1423

(73.8)

434

(75.6)

989

(73.0)

 Grade III

294

(15.2)

84

(14.6)

210

(15.5)

 Grade IV

24

(1.2)

8

(1.4)

16

(1.2)

 Unknown, not stated, or N/A

111

 

40

 

71

 

Cancer treatment received

 Chemotherapy

277

(13.6)

112

(18.2)

165

(11.6)

 Radiation

30

(1.5)

11

(1.8)

19

(1.3)

Medication use in the year before colon cancer diagnosisb

 Any Statin

542

(26.6)

56

(9.1)

486

(34.1)

 Aspirin

685

(34.1)

120

(19.9)

565

(40.2)

 Any antihypertensive

1078

(52.9)

51

(8.3)

1027

(72.1)

  ACE inhibitor

524

(25.7)

15

(2.4)

509

(35.7)

  Angiotensin receptor blocker

92

(4.5)

1

(0.2)

91

(6.4)

  Beta blocker

528

(25.9)

16

(2.6)

512

(35.9)

  Calcium channel blocker

287

(14.1)

10

(1.6)

277

(19.4)

  Diuretic

479

(23.5)

20

(3.3)

459

(32.2)

Type of antihypertensive after colon cancer diagnosisb

 ACE inhibitor

878

(43.1)

0

(0)

878

(61.6)

 Angiotensin receptor blocker

226

(11.1)

0

(0)

226

(15.9)

 Beta blocker

890

(43.6)

0

(0)

890

(62.5)

 Calcium channel blocker

559

(27.4)

0

(0)

559

(39.2)

 Diuretic

713

(35.0)

0

(0)

713

(50.0)

  1. aUnknown categories for race and Charlson score are included in percent calculations because they are included in the multivariable models
  2. bMedication categories not mutually exclusive because patients could have used more than one type of medication before diagnosis and during study follow-up