Table 3 Subgroup analyses of GDF-15 testing for CRC based on different covariates
Analysis | Sensitivity [95% CI] | Specificity [95% CI] | PLR [95% CI] | NLR [95% CI] | DOR [95% CI] | AUC | ChI2 (P value)/ I 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All cancers | 0.74 [0.67–0.80] | 0.83 [0.75–0.89] | 4.45 [2.99–6.60] | 0.31 [0.25–0.38] | 14.35 [9.13–22.54] | 0.85 | < 0.001; 99.61% |
Cancer type | |||||||
PC vs. non-cancer | 0.73 [0.66–0.80] | 0.76 [0.64–0.85] | 3.12 [2.03–4.80] | 0.35 [0.27–0.45] | 8.92 [5.05–15.77] | 0.80 | < 0.0001;97.62% |
PC vs. HC | 0.71 [0.66–0.75] | 0.66 [0.62–0.70] | 2.21 [1.58–3.11] | 0.38 [0.25–0.59] | 6.32 [2.75–14.52] | 0.73 | 0.001;78.4% |
PC vs. Pancreatitis | 0.70 [0.63–0.76] | 0.66 [0.57–0.75] | 2.81 [1.40–5.64] | 0.40 [0.28–0.57] | 8.86 [4.81–16.31] | 0.81 | 0.8281;0.0% |
PC (stage I-II) vs. non-cancer | 0.70 [0.63–0.75] | 0.65 [0.61–0.69] | 2.04 [1.56–2.68] | 0.40 [0.26–0.62] | 5.48 [2.58–11.63] | 0.76 | 0.1070;55.2% |
PC (stage III-IV) vs. non-cancer | 0.66 [0.56–0.76] | 0.74 [0.60–0.86] | 3.00 [0.82–11.05] | 0.47 [0.35–0.62] | 6.67 [2.67–16.69] | 0.78 | 0.2984; 7.5% |
Esophageal carcinoma | 0.47 [0.42–0.53] | 0.83 [0.80–0.87] | 3.83 [1.46–10.05] | 0.34 [0.12–0.93] | 13.85 [8.19–23.42] | 0.84 | 0.4586; 0.0% |
Sample type | |||||||
Plasma | 0.69 [0.64–0.73] | 0.69 [0.62–0.75] | 2.21 [1.79–2.73] | 0.44 [0.35–0.54] | 6.09 [4.00–9.28] | 0.78 | 0.5158; 0.0% |
Serum | 0.67 [0.65–0.69] | 0.80 [0.78–0.81] | 5.25 [3.16–8.71] | 0.30 [0.23–0.41] | 20.28 [10.12–40.61] | 0.87 | < 0.0001; 88.9% |
Cut-off setting | |||||||
≥ 2000 pg/mL (PC vs. non-cancer) | 0.66 [0.60–0.71] | 0.74 [0.65–0.82] | 2.46 [1.70–3.55] | 0.46 [0.37–0.57] | 6.16 [3.53–10.74] | 0.77 | 0.3172; 15.3% |
<2000 pg/mL(PC vs. non-cancer) | 0.69 [0.66–0.71] | 0.73 [0.70–0.75] | 3.30 [1.84–5.93] | 0.35 [0.26–0.47] | 11.98 [4.42–32.49] | 0.85 | < 0.0001;90.4% |
≥ 2000 pg/mL (all cancers vs. non-cancer) | 0.65 [0.60–0.69] | 0.80 [0.73–0.85] | 2.91 [1.94–4.37] | 0.45 [0.39–0.52] | 7.34 [4.52–11.91] | 0.77 | 0.2465; 25.0% |
<2000 pg/mL (all cancers vs. non-cancer) | 0.68 [0.66–0.70] | 0.78 [0.76–0.80] | 4.36 [2.77–6.85] | 0.29 [0.22–0.40] | 17.79 [9.00–35.18] | 0.87 | < 0.0001; 88.1% |
Ethnicity | |||||||
Caucasian | 0.75 [0.71–0.78] | 0.71 [0.68–0.75] | 2.67 [2.10–3.41] | 0.32 [0.25–0.41] | 9.94 [6.57–15.04] | 0.83 | 0.0335; 46.4% |
Asian | 0.65 [0.63–0.67] | 0.81 [0.79–0.83] | 7.47 [3.21–17.37] | 0.36 [0.26–0.52] | 22.01 [7.65–63.31] | 0.83 | < 0.0001;93.7% |