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Table 4 HR of Prostate Cancer in Association with Sex, Age, Occupation, Urbanization level, Comorbidities, and Medication in Univariable and Multivariable Cox Regression Models

From: Sleep disorders associated with risk of prostate cancer: a population-based cohort study

Variable

Crude

Adjusted

HR

(95% CI)

HR

(95% CI)

Sleep disorder

1.51

(1.28, 1.80)***

1.42

(1.20, 1.69)***

Age, year

1.10

(1.09, 1.11)***

1.10

(1.09, 1.11)***

Occupation

 White collar

1.00

(Reference)

1.36

(1.06, 1.74)*

 Blue collar

1.46

(1.22, 1.76)***

1.28

(0.99, 1.65)

 Others

2.21

(1.75, 2.79)***

1.00

(Reference)

Urbanization level

 1 (highest)

1.43

(1.09, 1.89)*

1.31

(0.99,1 .72)

 2

1.22

(0.92, 1.61)

1.16

(0.88, 1.54)

 3

1.00

(Reference)

1.00

(Reference)

 4 (lowest)

1.73

(1.31, 2.29)***

1.25

(0.94, 1.66)

Comorbidity

 Hyperlipidemia

2.44

(2.05, 2.91)***

1.36

(1.13, 1.64)***

 Diabetes

3.32

(2.59, 4.24)***

1.36

(1.06, 1.76)*

 Hypertension

4.49

(3.77, 5.34)***

0.94

(0.75, 1.18)

 Urinary stones

1.28

(0.94, 1.74)

  

 Urinary tract infection

2.17

(1.66, 2.83)***

1.07

(0.82, 1.40)

 Obesity

1.07

(0.40, 2.87)

  

 Anxiety

1.07

(0.70, 1.65)

  

 Depression

1.05

(0.64, 1.73)

  

 COPD

3.54

(2.95, 4.26)***

1.03

(0.85, 1.25)

 Alcohol-related illness

0.85

(0.50, 1.45)

  

Medication

 Hypnotics

1.60

(1.33, 1.92)***

0.83

(0.69, 1.00)

 Antihypertensives

4.29

(3.61, 5.08)***

1.17

(0.94, 1.46)

 PSA screening

4.38

(3.69, 5.19)***

1.99

(1.67, 2.36)***

  1. Crude HR, relative hazard ratio; Adjusted HR: multivariable analysis with adjustment for age; occupation category; urbanization level; comorbidities of hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, urinary stones, urinary tract infection, and COPD, and medication of hypnotics as well as antihypertensive medication, and PSA screening; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  2. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001