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Table 2 Comparison of Incidence Densities of Prostate Cancer Hazard Ratios of Men With and Without SDs Stratified by Demographic Characteristics and Comorbidities

From: Sleep disorders associated with risk of prostate cancer: a population-based cohort study

 

Sleep disorder

  

Yes

No

  
 

Event

PY

Rate#

Event

PY

Rate#

Crude HR (95% CI)

Adjusted HR (95% CI)

All

327

342,189

9.56

222

349,060

6.36

1.51(1.28, 1.80)***

1.42(1.20, 1.69)***

Age

  < 49

14

208,908

0.67

4

214,073

0.19

3.82(1.26, 11.6)*

3.12(1.02, 9.58)*

 50–64

94

79,239

11.9

58

81,376

7.13

1.70(1.23, 2.36)**

1.50(1.08, 2.08)*

  ≥ 65

219

54,042

40.5

160

53,610

29.8

1.36(1.11, 1.67)**

1.35(1.10, 1.65)**

 P for trend

       

0.23

Occupation

 White collar

146

187,392

7.79

89

193,265

4.61

1.71(1.31, 2.23)***

1.67(1.28, 2.18)***

 Blue collar

118

118,498

9.96

96

118,302

8.11

1.23(0.94, 1.61)

1.14(0.87, 1.49)

 Others

63

36,300

17.4

37

37,493

9.87

1.77(1.18, 2.66)**

1.56(1.04, 2.36)*

 P for trend

       

0.06

Urbanization level

 1 (highest)

97

99,276

9.77

74

104,986

7.05

1.40(1.04, 1.90)*

1.30(0.96, 1.77)

 2

88

103,147

8.53

60

104,878

5.72

1.51(1.08, 2.09)*

1.43(1.03, 1.98)*

 3

46

61,671

7.46

26

61,550

4.22

1.78(1.10, 2.88)*

1.79(1.11, 2.91)*

 4 (lowest)

96

78,094

12.3

62

77,646

7.98

1.55(1.12, 2.13)**

1.42(1.03, 1.95)*

 P for trend

       

0.49

Comorbidity

 No

66

171,700

3.84

29

178,753

1.62

2.43(1.57, 3.76)***

2.26(1.46, 3.51)***

 Yes

261

170,489

15.3

193

170,307

11.3

1.36(1.13, 1.64)**

1.30(1.08, 1.56)**

 P for trend

       

0.02

Hyperlipidemia

 No

221

281,496

7.85

141

288,143

4.89

1.62(1.31, 2.00)***

1.52(1.23, 1.88)***

 Yes

106

60,693

17.5

81

60,918

13.3

1.32(0.99, 1.76)

1.24(0.93, 1.66)

 P for trend

       

0.27

Diabetes

 No

288

326,577

8.82

188

333,506

5.64

1.58(1.31, 1.90)***

1.47(1.22, 1.77)***

 Yes

39

15,611

25.0

34

15,555

21.9

1.14(0.72, 1.81)

1.15(0.72, 1.82)

 P for trend

       

0.21

Hypertension

 No

132

245,636

5.37

70

253,208

2.76

1.99(1.49, 2.65)***

1.79(1.34, 2.40)***

 Yes

195

96,553

20.2

152

95,853

15.9

1.27(1.03, 1.58)*

1.24(1.00, 1.54)*

 P for trend

       

0.58

Urinary stones

 No

302

319,449

9.45

203

326,940

6.21

1.54(1.29, 1.83)***

1.45(1.21, 1.73)***

 Yes

25

22,740

11.0

19

22,120

8.59

1.29(0.71, 2.34)

1.26(0.69, 2.31)

 P for trend

       

0.60

Urinary tract infection

 No

290

321,203

9.03

197

330,283

5.96

1.53(1.27, 1.83)***

1.44(1.20, 1.73)***

 Yes

37

20,986

17.6

25

18,777

13.3

1.33(0.80, 2.20)

1.32(0.79, 2.20)

 P for trend

       

0.60

Obesity

 No

222

346,734

6.40

323

339,663

9.51

1.50(1.26, 1.78)***

1.40(1.18, 1.66)***

 Yes

0

2326

0.00

4

2525

15.8

 P for trend

       

0.95

Anxiety

 No

310

329,242

9.42

217

335,558

6.47

1.47(1.23, 1.75)***

1.39(1.17, 1.65)***

 Yes

17

12,947

13.1

5

13,502

3.70

3.53(1.30, 9.58)*

2.72(0.99, 7.48)

 P for trend

       

0.09

Depression

 No

317

332,890

9.52

216

339,164

6.37

1.51(1.27, 1.79)***

1.43(1.20, 1.70)***

 Yes

10

9299

10.8

6

9897

6.06

1.82(0.66, 5.00)

1.15(0.41, 3.28)

P for trend

       

0.74

COPD

 No

233

304,824

7.64

156

313,361

4.98

1.55(1.27, 1.90)***

1.44(1.17, 1.76)***

 Yes

94

37,365

25.2

66

35,699

18.5

1.36(0.99, 1.86)

1.35(0.99, 1.85)

P for trend

       

0.50

Alcohol-related illness

 No

318

331,360

9.60

217

338,475

6.41

1.51(1.27, 1.79)***

1.41(1.19, 1.68)***

 Yes

9

10,829

8.31

5

10,585

4.72

1.74(0.58, 5.20)

2.72(0.81, 9.11)

 P for trend

       

0.80

Medication

Hypnotics

 No

97

143,651

6.75

68

142,627

4.77

1.42(1.04, 1.93)*

1.46(1.07, 1.99)*

 Yes

230

198,538

11.6

154

206,434

7.46

1.57(1.28, 1.93)***

1.42(1.15, 1.74)***

 P for trend

       

0.59

Antihypertensives

 No

140

252,468

5.55

82

260,095

3.15

1.79(1.36, 2.35)***

1.66(1.26, 2.19)***

 Yes

187

89,721

20.8

140

88,966

15.7

1.33(1.07, 1.65)*

1.28(1.02, 1.59)*

 P for trend

       

0.11

PSA screening

 No

193

289,171

6.67

126

305,769

4.12

1.60(1.28, 2.01)***

1.58(1.26, 1.98)***

 Yes

134

53,018

25.3

96

43,292

22.2

1.18(0.91, 1.54)

1.20(0.92, 1.56)

 P for trend

       

0.047

  1. Rate#, incidence rate per 10,000 person-years; Crude HR, relative hazard ratio
  2. Adjusted HR: multivariable analysis with adjustment for age; occupation category; urbanization level; comorbidities of hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, urinary stones, urinary tract infection, obesity, anxiety, depression, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and alcohol-related illness, and medication of hypnotics as well as antihypertensive medication, and PSA screening; Comorbidity: Only one comorbidity (including hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, urinary stones, urinary tract infection, obesity, anxiety, and depression) classified as the comorbidity group
  3. P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001