Fig. 2

The conditioned medium (CM) from CAFs induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) programming in RT4 bladder cancer cells. a. Experimental design. b. The expression of epithelial markers E-cadherin, phospho-ß-catenin (control: total ß-catenin) and phospho-GSK3ß (control: GSK3ß total) and of mesenchymal markers N-cadherin and vimentin was analyzed by Western blotting. The ß-actin was used as loading control. c. The expression of EMT-related transcription factors (EMT-TFs) was determined by qPCR or d. Western blotting. The graphs show mean +/− SD. The difference between groups was analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc analysis using Dunnett’s multiple comparison tests. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, n.s. = non-significant, n = 3–5