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Table 2 Co-factors contributing to HPV-mediated carcinogenesis recognised by IARC

From: Role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as a co-factor in human papillomavirus-mediated carcinogenesis

Co-factors of HPV

References

Tobacco smoking

[30,31,32,33]

Hormonal contraception

[31, 34,35,36]

Number of pregnancies

[30, 37,38,39]

Nutrition/Dietary intake

[40,41,42]

Immunosuppression

[43,44,45]

Other infectious agent/inflammation

[46,47,48,49]