Fig. 3

Genistein induces apoptosis through AMPK activation involving caspase pathways. a Western blot analysis and quantification intact PARP, cleaved PARP, intact Cas-3, and cleaved Cas-3 in livers of 62-week-old mice. Beta actin was used for an internal control. b Immunofluorescence detection of TUNEL (green) as a marker of apoptosis in livers of control and genistein groups. Nuclei are stained with DAPI (blue). White arrowheads indicate apoptotic cells (Scale bar, 50 μm). (c) qRT-PCR analysis of apoptotic genes involved in p53 pathway. d Western blot analysis of phosphor-AMPKα, p53, intact PARP, and cleaved PARP. Western blot quantification of cleaved PARP in Hep3B cell after treatment of CoCl2 (100 μM) and genistein (1 μM). Beta actin was used as an internal control. Values represent means ± SEM of at least 3 experiments. *, P < 0.05