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Table 1 Clinical and pathological characteristics of all patients stratified by total and free testosterone

From: Free testosterone value before radical prostatectomy is related to oncologic outcomes and post-operative erectile function

 

All

Total T

Free T

Low

Normal

p value

Low

Normal

p value

Patients, no.(%)

586(100)

106(18.1)

480(81.9)

 

152(25.9)

434(74.1)

 

General information

Age, no.(%)

   

< 0.001*

  

< 0.001*

< 70

297(50.7)

25(23.6)

272(56.7)

 

51(33.6)

246(56.7)

 

≥ 70

289(49.3)

81(76.4)

208(43.3)

 

101(66.4)

188(43.3)

 

Age, mean ± SD

 

71.73 ± 6.19

66.80 ± 8.07

< 0.001*

70.26 ± 7.18

66.79 ± 8.06

< 0.001*

BMI, mean ± SD

 

23.54 ± 3.63

23.40 ± 3.57

0.803

23.95 ± 3.50

23.46 ± 3.60

0.153

Diabetes, no.(%)

   

0.018*

  

0.049*

 Absent

480(81.9)

78(73.6)

402(83.8)

 

116(76.3)

364(83.9)

 

 Present

106(18.1)

28(26.4)

78(16.2)

 

36(23.7)

70(16.1)

 

Hypertension, no.(%)

   

0.764

  

0.895

 Absent

498(85.0)

89(84.0)

409(85.2)

 

130(85.5)

368(84.8)

 

 Present

88(15.0)

17(16.0)

71(14.4)

 

22(14.5)

66(15.2)

 

Coronary heart disease, no.(%)

   

0.316

  

0.460

 Absent

519(88.6)

91(85.8)

428(89.2)

 

132(86.8)

387(89.2)

 

 Present

67(11.4)

15(14.2)

52(10.8)

 

20(13.2)

47(10.8)

 

Smoking, no.(%)

   

0.301

  

0.426

 Absent

495(84.5)

86(81.1)

409(85.2)

 

133(87.5)

366(84.3)

 

 Present

91(15.5)

20(18.9)

71(14.8)

 

19(12.5)

68(15.7)

 

Alcohol consumption, no.(%)

   

0.001*

  

0.071

 Absent

430(73.4)

63(59.4)

367(76.5)

 

103(67.8)

327(75.3)

 

 Present

156(26.6)

43(40.6)

113(23.5)

 

49(32.2)

107(24.7)

 

Pre-operative ED, no.(%)

   

< 0.001*

  

< 0.001*

 ED absent

376(64.2)

44(41.5)

332(69.2)

 

76(50.0)

300(69.1)

 

 ED present

210(35.8)

62(58.5)

148(30.8)

 

76(50.0)

134(30.9)

 

Pre-operative tumor characteristics

PSA, no.(%)

   

< 0.001*

  

< 0.001*

  < 10 ng/ml

214(36.5)

11(10.4)

203(42.3)

 

35(23.0)

179(41.2)

 

  ≥ 10 ng/ml

372(63.5)

95(89.6)

277(57.7)

 

117(77.0)

255(58.8)

 

PSA, mean ± SD

 

16.34 ± 6.81

13.06 ± 6.90

< 0.001*

15.10 ± 6.92

13.14 ± 6.95

< 0.001*

Proportion of free-PSA, no.(%)

   

0.155

  

0.297

  < 0.16

419(71.5)

82(77.4)

337(70.2)

 

114(75.0)

305(70.3)

 

  ≥ 0.16

167(28.5)

24(22.6)

143(29.8)

 

38(25.0)

129(29.7)

 

Proportion of free-PSA, mean ± SD

 

0.124 ± 0.060

0.139 ± 0.067

0.022*

0.132 ± 0.070

0.137 ± 0.064

0.144

Clinical tumor stage, no.(%)

   

< 0.001*

  

< 0.001*

 T2a

79(13.5)

15(14.2)

64(13.3)

 

17(11.2)

62(14.3)

 

 T2b

154(26.3)

20(18.9)

134(27.9)

 

26(17.1)

128(29.5)

 

 T2c

219(37.4)

30(28.3)

189(39.4)

 

56(36.8)

163(37.6)

 

 T3

134(22.9)

41(38.7)

93(19.4)

 

53(34.9)

81(18.7)

 

Biopsy Gleason Score, no.(%)

   

< 0.001*

  

< 0.001*

 6

143(24.4)

10(9.4)

133(27.7)

 

16(10.5)

127(29.3)

 

 7

295(50.3)

52(49.1)

243(50.6)

 

76(50.0)

219(50.5)

 

 8 or higher

148(25.3)

44(41.5)

104(21.7)

 

60(39.5)

88(20.3)

 

Post-operative information

Surgical approach, no.(%)

   

0.067

  

0.257

 Open

272(46.4)

58(54.7)

214(44.6)

 

77(50.7)

195(44.9)

 

 Laparoscopic

314(53.6)

48(45.3)

266(55.4)

 

75(49.3)

239(55.1)

 

NVB preserve, no.(%)

   

0.913

  

0.771

 Not preserved

224(38.2)

41(38.7)

183(38.1)

 

60(39.5)

164(37.8)

 

 Preserved

362(61.8)

65(61.3)

297(61.9)

 

92(60.5)

270(62.2)

 

Pathological tumor stage, no.(%)

   

0.006*

  

< 0.001*

 T2a

76(13.0)

13(12.3)

63(13.1)

 

13(8.6)

63(14.5)

 

 T2b

150(25.6)

18(17.0)

132(27.5)

 

28(18.4)

122(28.1)

 

 T2c

180(30.7)

28(26.4)

152(31.7)

 

41(27.0)

139(32.0)

 

 T3

180(30.7)

47(44.3)

133(27.7)

 

70(46.1)

110(25.3)

 

Final Gleason Score, no.(%)

   

< 0.001*

  

< 0.001*

 6

126(21.5)

10(9.4)

116(24.2)

 

11(7.2)

115(26.5)

 

 7

259(44.2)

23(21.7)

236(49.2)

 

47(30.9)

212(48.8)

 

 8 or higher

201(34.3)

73(68.9)

128(26.7)

 

94(61.8)

107(24.7)

 

Seminal invasion, no.(%)

   

0.022*

  

0.026*

 Absent

563(96.1)

97(91.5)

466(97.1)

 

141(92.8)

422(97.2)

 

 Present

23(3.9)

9(8.5)

14(2.9)

 

11(7.2)

12(2.8)

 

PSM, no.(%)

   

0.128

  

0.094

 Absent

536(91.5)

93(87.7)

443(92.3)

 

134(88.2)

402(92.6)

 

 Present

50(8.5)

13(12.3)

37(7.7)

 

18(11.8)

34(7.8)

 

Lymph node status, no.(%)

   

0.003*

  

0.001*

 N-

225(38.4)

52(49.1)

173(36.0)

 

68(44.7)

157(36.2)

 

 Nx

336(57.3)

46(43.4)

290(60.4)

 

71(46.7)

265(61.1)

 

 N+

25(4.3)

8(7.5)

17(3.6)

 

13(8.6)

12(2.8)

 

Post-operative ED, no.(%)

   

0.001*

  

< 0.001*

 ED absent

197(33.6)

13(12.3)

184(38.3)

 

22(14.5)

175(40.3)

 

 ED present

179(30.5)

31(29.2)

148(30.8)

 

54(35.5)

125(28.8)

 

Post-operative incontinence, no.(%)

   

0.506

  

0.662

 Absent

511(87.2)

94(88.7)

417(86.9)

 

134(88.2)

377(86.9)

 

 Present

69(11.8)

10(9.4)

59(12.3)

 

16(10.5)

53(12.2)

 
  1. PSA prostate-specific antigen; BMI body mass index; ED erectile dysfunction; NVB neurovascular bundle; PSM positive surgical margin
  2. p value of less than 0.05 are in boldface
  3. *Statistically significant