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Fig. 2 | BMC Cancer

Fig. 2

From: Acyclic retinoid and angiotensin-II receptor blocker exert a combined protective effect against diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in diabetic OLETF rats

Fig. 2

Effects of acyclic retinoid (ACR) and angiotensin-II receptor blocker (ARB) on liver cancer cell growth. a Relative mRNA expression levels of rat Ccnd1 (Left panel) and Cdkn1a (Right panel) in the liver of experimental rats. b Recombinant human insulin (rh-insulin)-stimulated cell proliferation in human liver cancer cell lines (Huh-7 and HLE) at different concentration. Cell proliferation is indicated as ratio to the data of 0μU. c The effects of ACR and/or ARB on the proliferation of human liver cancer lines cultured under the insulin resistance(IR)-mimetic condition. The cells as control were cultured under normal condition. d The effects of ACR and/or ARB on the relative mRNA expression levels of human CCND1 (Left panel) and CDKN1A (Right panel) in human liver cancer lines cultured under the IR-mimetic condition. e The effects of ACR and/or ARB on ERK phosphorylation and Caspase-3 (Cas-3) cleavage in Huh-7 (Upper panel) and HLE (Lower panel) cultured under the IR-mimetic condition. LETO; Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka rat, OLETF; Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rat. Relative mRNA expression levels were measured by quantitative RT–PCR (qRT–PCR), and GAPDH was used as internal control for qRT–PCR (a, d). The protein was determined by western blotting, and actin was used as the loading control (e). The IR-mimetic condition is defined as the higher concentration of D-(+)-glucose (199.6 mg/dl) and rh-insulin (33.2 μU/ml) (c-e). ACR (10 μM) and/or ARB (10 μM) were added to each group for in vitro experiments (c-e). Data are mean ± SD (n = 10). *, P ≤ 0.01 between each group (a); a, P ≤ 0.01 as compared with the control group; b, P ≤ 0.01 as compared with vehicle group (c and d)

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