Fig. 1From: Exosomal miR-99a-5p is elevated in sera of ovarian cancer patients and promotes cancer cell invasion by increasing fibronectin and vitronectin expression in neighboring peritoneal mesothelial cellsExosomes were isolated from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cell lines and then exosomal miRNAs were analyzed. a Electron microscopy. Exosomes were immunogold-labeled with anti-CD63 antibody. Transmission electron micrographs of purified exosomes secreted from several EOC cell lines are shown. Immortalized ovarian surface epithelium (IOSE) cells were used as a non-malignant control. Scale bar, 100 nm. Representative images are shown. b Nanoparticle tracking analysis. Concentration and size distribution of nano-sized particles in the exosome suspension were measured using a NanoSight system. The concentration presents the number of nano-sized particles per 1 mL culture medium. c RNA analyses. RNA was extracted from EOC-derived exosomes and analyzed using an Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer (left). A profile of cellular RNA is shown as a control (right). Arrows indicate the position of small RNA and the 18S and 28S ribosomal RNAs. d Summary of exosomal miRNA microarray. Exosomal miRNAs that were upregulated by more than 3-fold in both EOC cells (HeyA8 and TYK-nu) vs. IOSE cells are listed. e miRNA qRT-PCR. Relative expression levels of miR-99a-5p in EOC-derived exosomes are shown. IOSE-derived exosomes were used as control. Data represent the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of three experiments. ***p < 0.001Back to article page