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Table 4 Risk factors for non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs) in HIV-infected patients (N = 1001)

From: Increased risk of non-AIDS-defining cancers in Asian HIV-infected patients: a long-term cohort study

Factors

Crude HR (95% CI)

P value

Adjusted HRa (95% CI)

Coefficienta (95% CI)

P value

Age < 40 (years)

1 (reference)

 

1 (reference)

  

40–49

5.1 (2.2–11.6)

< 0.001

5.4 (2.4–12.3)

1.7 (0.9–2.5)

< 0.001

50–59

12.7 (5.8–27.7)

< 0.001

15.3 (6.7–34.6)

2.7 (1.9–3.5)

< 0.001

60–69

13.0 (5.0–34.1)

< 0.001

17.1 (6.4–46.2)

2.8 (1.9–3.8)

< 0.001

≥ 70

36.4 (12.8–103.7)

< 0.001

47.3 (16.2–138.1)

3.9 (2.8–4.9)

< 0.001

Sex (male)

1.3 (0.4–4.2)

0.653

   

Alcohol drinker

1.0 (0.6–1.7)

0.876

   

Smoker

4.5 (2.5–8.1)

< 0.001

5.4 (3.0–9.8)

1.7 (1.1–2.3)

< 0.001

HIV risk group, MSM or unknown

1 (reference)

 

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

 

Heterosexuals

1.9 (1.0–3.7)

0.045

1.6 (0.8–3.2)

0.5 (−0.2–1.2)

0.142

Blood transmission

1.1 (0.5–2.4)

0.765

2.6 (1.2–5.8)

1.0 (0.1–1.8)

0.021

Injection drug use

9.1 (2.2–37.7)

0.002

5.4 (1.2–23.3)

1.7 (0.2–3.2)

0.025

CD4 < 200 (cells/μL)

0.7 (0.4–1.2)

0.222

   

HIV VL > 75,000 (log10 copies/mL)

1.00 (0.6–1.6)

0.972

   

HBV infection

1.8 (1.0–3.3)

0.059

1.8 (1.0–3.5)

0.6 (−0.03–1.2)

0.060

HCV infection

1.6 (0.9–2.9)

0.120

   

Hypertension

1.2 (0.6–2.5)

0.619

   

Dyslipidemia

0.8 (0.3–1.7)

0.494

   

Diabetes mellitus (uncomplicated)

1.5 (0.7–3.2)

0.337

   

Diabetes mellitus (end-organ damage)

2.3 (0.8–6.3)

0.111

   

Myocardial infarction

1.8 (0.2–12.8)

0.569

   

Congestive heart failure

2.6 (0.6–10.7)

0.182

   

Peripheral vascular disease

NA*

NA*

   

Cerebrovascular disease

1.9 (0.5–7.8)

0.373

   

Dementia

1.2 (0.2–8.7)

0.857

   

COPD

NA*

NA*

   

Connective tissue disease

NA*

NA*

   

Peptic ulcer disease

1.1 (0.3–4.4)

0.921

   

Chronic kidney disease

0.5 (0.2–2.1)

0.352

   

Hemiplegia

NA

NA*

   

Chronic liver disease (mild)

1.2 (0.6–2.5)

0.680

   

Chronic liver disease (moderate to severe)

2.6 (1.1–6.6)

0.037

   
  1. Note. *Statistical analysis could not be performed because there were no cases with the factor among patients with NADCs or those who died. aMultiple Cox’s proportional hazard modeling was used with backward elimination for factors that were found to be significant (p < 0.2) on univariate analysis. Abbreviations: CI confidence interval, HBV hepatitis B virus, HCV hepatitis C virus, MSM men who have sex with men, VL viral load, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, NADCs non-AIDS-defining cancers