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Table 2 The frequency of GPNMB promoter methylation in normal, adenoma, and colon cancer tissues. Methylation frequency is presented as the number of methylated samples divided by the total number of samples analyzed (%)

From: GPNMB methylation: a new marker of potentially carcinogenic colon lesions

Samples

Normal tissue

Adenoma

Adv. adenoma

Colon cancer

Methylation frequency

1/20 (5%)

16/21 (76%)

42/48 (88%)

18/20 (90%)

Mean Methylation levels

19.2

32.0

42.3

43.1

Adenoma

P < 0.001

–

–

–

Adv. adenoma

P < 0.001

P = 0.008

–

–

Colon cancer

P < 0.001

P = 0.020

P = 0.5

–

  1. P values (two-sided) were generated by using chi-square test. P values are Bonferroni adjusted, and the cutoff for statistical significance is P ≤ 0.05