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Table 2 Association between breast cancer related lymphoedema and other clinicopathologic variables

From: Lymphovascular invasion and extranodal tumour extension are risk indicators of breast cancer related lymphoedema: an observational retrospective study with long-term follow-up

 

BCRL

No BCRL

 

(n = 62)

(n = 270)

p-value

Side, left n (%)

41 (66.1)

130 (48.2)

0.0106

Histological type, n (%)

0.1734

 NST

55 (88.7)

220 (81.5)

 

 Others

7 (11.3)

50 (18.5)

 

T-staging, n (%)a

0.5922

 T1

39 (62.9)

157 (58.2)

 

 T2

19 (30.7)

80 (29.6)

 

 T3

2 (3.2)

10 (3.7)

 

 T4

2 (3.2)

23 (8.5)

 

N, n (%)b

0.1052

 N1

33 (53.2)

176 (65.2)

 

 N2

13 (21.0)

53 (19.6)

 

 N3

16 (25.8)

41 (15.2)

 

G, n (%)c

0.6725

 1

3 (4.8)

22 (8.2)

 

 2

33 (53.2)

139 (51.5)

 

 3

26 (41.9)

109 (40.4)

 

ER positive, n (%)

53 (85.5)

241 (89.3)

0.3998

PR positive, n (%)

49 (79.0)

226 (83.7)

0.3791

HER2 positive, n (%)d

9 (14.5)

22 (8.2)

0.1202

Ki67 positive, n (%)e

28 (45.2)

102 (37.8)

0.2828

Molecular subtype, n (%)

0.6807

 Luminal A

30 (48.4)

147 (54.4)

 

 Luminal B (HER2+)

5 (8.1)

12 (4.4)

 

 Luminal B (HER2-)

18 (29.0)

82 (30.4)

 

 HER2-type

3 (4.8)

10 (3.7)

 

 Basal

6 (9.7)

19 (7.0)

 

ENE, n (%)

46 (74.2)

166 (61.5)

0.0603

N. metastatic lymph., median (Q1, Q3)

3 (1, 7)

2 (1, 5)

0.0470

Total n. lymph. Evaluated, median (Q1, Q3)

23 (19, 30)

23 (18, 29)

0.4557

% lymph. Metastatic, median (Q1, Q3)

11.1 (5.6, 31.8)

9.5 (4.5, 25)

0.2062

LVI, n (%)

29 (46.8)

80 (29.6)

0.0095

  1. Abbreviations: BCRL breast cancer related lymphoedema, NST invasive breast cancer of no special type, ER estrogen receptor, HER2 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, ENE extranodal extension, LVI lymphovascular invasion
  2. aTumor dimension (T) according to TNM classification was as follows: T1, Tumor ≤20 mm in greatest dimension; T2, Tumor > 20 mm but ≤50 mm in greatest dimension; T3, Tumor > 50 mm in greatest dimension; T4, Tumor of any size with direct extension to the chest wall and/or to the skin (ulceration or skin nodules)
  3. bPathologic lymph node status (pN) according to TNM classification was as follows: pN0, negative; pN1, 1 to 3 positive lymph nodes; pN2, metastases in 4–9 axillary lymph nodes; pN3, metastases in ≥10 axillary lymph nodes
  4. cGrading was established using the Nottingham histologic grading system
  5. dHER2 status was assessed using immunochemistry and chromogenic in-situ hybridization in borderline cases
  6. ePositivity for Ki67 was defined as ≥10%