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Table 1 Demographic data and treatment information of the patients included in this study, according to their breast cancer related lymphoedema status

From: Lymphovascular invasion and extranodal tumour extension are risk indicators of breast cancer related lymphoedema: an observational retrospective study with long-term follow-up

Side

BCRL

No BCRL

p-value

Left

Right

Total

Left

Right

Total

(n = 21)

(n = 41)

(n = 62)

(n = 140)

(n = 130)

(n = 270)

Age at diagnosis, years, mean ± SD

60.4 ± 12.5

56.6 ± 13.0

57.9 ± 12.8

58.7 ± 13.0

60.4 ± 13.0

59.5 ± 13.0

0.4734

BMI, n (%)a

0.5432

 Underweight

0

1 (2.4)

1 (1.6)

4 (2.9)

1 (0.8)

5 (1.9)

 

 Normal weight

14 (66.7)

13 (31.7)

27 (43.6)

66 (47.1)

55 (42.3)

121 (44.8)

 

 Overweight

3 (14.3)

18 (43.9)

21 (33.9)

26 (18.6)

44 (33.8)

70 (25.9)

 

 Obesity

4 (19.0)

9 (22.0)

13 (21.0)

44 (31.4)

30 (23.1)

74 (27.4)

 

Menopause, n (%)b

0.2647

 Pre-menopausal

5 (23.8)

16 (39.0)

21 (33.9)

45 (32.1)

34 (26.2)

79 (29.3)

 

 Peri-menopausal

0

0

0 (0.0)

5 (3.6)

5 (3.8)

10 (3.7)

 

 Post-menopausal

16 (76.2)

25 (61.0)

41 (66.1)

90 (64.3)

91 (70.0)

181 (67.0)

 

Axillary surgery, n (%)

0.0503

 Radical lymph node dissection

21 (100)

41 (100)

62 (100)

130 (92.8)

123 (94.6)

253 (93.7)

 

 Sentinel lymph node dissection

0

0

0

10 (7.2)

7 (5.4)

17 (6.3)

 

Radiotherapy, n (%)

0.3536

 Breast

11 (52.4)

22 (53.6)

33 (53.2)

76 (54.3)

72 (55.4)

148 (54.8)

 

 Breast and supraclavicular fossa

1 (4.8)

6 (14.6)

7 (11.3)

7 (5.0)

7 (5.4)

14 (5.2)

 

 Supraclavicular fossa and chest wall

4 (19.0)

4 (9.8)

8 (12.9)

22 (15.7)

17 (13.1)

39 (14.4)

 

 No

5 (23.8)

9 (22.0)

14 (22.6)

35 (25.0)

34 (26.1)

69 (25.6)

 

Chemotherapy, n (%)

0.0025

 Taxane-based protocol

11 (52.4)

27 (65.9)

38 (61.3)

61 (43.6)

40 (30.8)

101 (37.4)

 

 Other protocols

1 (4.8)

4 (9.7)

5 (8.1)

14 (10.0)

14 (10.8)

28 (10.4)

 

 No

9 (42.9)

10 (24.4)

19 (30.7)

65 (46.4)

76 (58.4)

141 (52.2)

 

Hormone therapy, n (%)

0.0959

 Yes

16 (76.2)

34 (82.9)

50 (80.7)

128 (91.4)

111 (85.4)

239 (88.5)

 

 No

5 (23.8)

7 (17.1)

12 (19.3)

12 (8.6)

19 (14.6)

31 (11.5)

 

Trastuzumab, n (%)

0.0140

 Yes

2 (9.5)

7 (17.1)

9 (14.5)

7 (5.0)

8 (6.2)

15 (5.6)

 

 No

19 (90.5)

34 (82.9)

53 (85.5)

133 (95.0)

122 (93.8)

255 (94.4)

 
  1. Abbreviations: BCRL Breast cancer related lymphoedema, BMI Body Mass Index
  2. aBMI was stratified using the WHO International Classification of adult underweight, overweight and obesity, as follows: underweight, < 18.5 kg/m2; normal weight, 18.5–24.99 kg/m2; overweight, 25–29.99 kg/m2; obesity, ≥30 kg/m2
  3. bMenopausal status was defined according to WHO guidelines. Specifically, menopause is recognized to have occurred after 12 consecutive months of amenorrhea, for which there is no other obvious pathological or physiological cause; peri-menopause is defined as the period immediate prior to the menopause - when the endocrinological, biological, and clinical features of approaching menopause commence, for example variability in the menstrual cycle is increased - and the first 12 months after menopause; pre-menopausal status is used to describe the whole of the reproductive period prior to the menopause