| |
Estimated effect of WB-EMS intervention compared to controlsa
|
|---|
|
Week 4
|
p
|
Week 8
|
p
|
Week 12
|
p
|
|---|
|
Estimate [95% CI]
|
Estimate [95% CI]
|
Estimate [95% CI]
|
|---|
|
Body composition
|
|
SMM [kg]
|
−0.04 [− 0.49, 0.40]
|
0.848
|
0.31 [− 0.16, 0.78]
|
0.201
|
0.53 [0.08, 0.98]
|
0.022
|
|
Bodyweight [kg]
|
−0.02 [− 0.97, 0.93]
|
0.966
|
0.87 [− 0.13, 1.87]
|
0.077
|
1.02 [0.05, 1.98]
|
0.039
|
|
FM [%]
|
0.75 [−0.20, 1.70]
|
0.121
|
0.14 [−0.87, 1.14]
|
0.789
|
0.51 [−0.46, 1.47]
|
0.302
|
|
PhA [°]
|
0.04 [−0.09, 0.016]
|
0.557
|
−0.01 [− 0.14, 0.13]
|
0.946
|
0.07 [− 0.06, 0.19]
|
0.320
|
|
Hydration [%]b
|
− 0.98 [− 2.97, 1.01]
|
0.334
|
− 0.48 [− 2.58, 1.62]
|
0.655
|
− 2.73 [− 4.76, − 0.71]
|
0.008
|
|
Functional status
|
|
Hand grip strength [kg]
|
−0.20 [− 2.24, 1.84]
|
0.847
|
− 0.64 [− 2.68, 1.39]
|
0.535
|
0.60 [− 1.08, 2.27]
|
0.484
|
- Statistically significant effects are marked in bold type and indicated by p < 0.05
- Abbreviations: WB-EMS Whole-body electromyostimulation, SMM Skeletal muscle mass, FM Fat mass, PhA Phase angle, ECW Extracellular water, ICW Intracellular water
- aLinear mixed model analysis estimating the effect (group x time) of the combined WB EMS and nutrition intervention on the primary outcome of skeletal muscle mass and secondary outcomes of body composition and hand grip strength over the 12-week study course compared to the usual care control group. Data are presented as estimated mean difference between study groups and 95% confidence intervals [95% CI]
- bHydration represents ECW:ICW in %
