Characteristic | Men (n = 1564) | Women (n = 1769) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Hb (g/dL) | 151.4 (9.6) | 135.5 (8.7) | <  0.001 |
MCV (fL) | 89.0 (3.6) | 89.1 (3.7) | 0.225 |
MCH (pg/cell) | 30.6 (1.3) | 30.5 (1.4) | 0.152 |
MCHC (g/dL) | 34.4 (0.5) | 34.3 (0.5) | <  0.001 |
RCDW | 0.13 (0.01) | 0.13 (0.01) | 0.014 |
SF (μg/L) | 228 (211) | 101 (105) |  |
Log SF | 5.17 (0.73) | 4.33 (0.73) | <  0.001 |
Serum iron (μmol/L) | 19.0 (5.6) | 17.9 (5.7) |  |
Log serum iron | 2.90 (0.30) | 2.83 (0.33) | <  0.001 |
TS (%) | 30.2 (10.5) | 27.0 (13.9) | Â |
Log TS | 3.35 (0.34) | 3.23 (0.36) | <  0.001 |
Age (years) | 50.7 (14.4) | 51.9 (15.1) | 0.022 |
Smoking status | |||
 Never | 41.6 | 58.5 | <  0.001 |
 Ex | 41.8 | 30.0 |  |
 Current | 16.6 | 11.6 |  |
Alcohol consumption Never | 3.3 | 8.2 | <  0.001 |
 Ex | 6.4 | 11.6 |  |
 Light | 48.5 | 67.2 |  |
 Moderate/Heavy | 39.1 | 8.6 |  |
 Unknown | 2.7 | 4.4 |  |
Menopausal status  Pre/OC No | – | 31.4 | – |
 Pre/OC Yes | – | 11.6 |  |
 Post/HRT No | – | 38.4 |  |
 Post/HRT Yes | – | 18.5 |  |
Use of iron supplement | 0.6 | 4.7 | <  0.001 |
History of blood donation | 34.6 | 28.9 | <  0.001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.7 (3.3) | 25.9 (4.7) | <  0.001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 93.6 (9.9) | 81.2 (11.8) | <  0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 127 (15) | 122 (18) | <  0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 78 (10) | 73 (10) | <  0.001 |
High density lipoprotein chol (mmol/L) | 1.21 (0.30) | 1.54 (0.39) | <  0.001 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.47 (1.06) | 1.21 (0.75) | Â |
Log Triglycerides | 0.21 (0.56) | 0.05 (0.52) | <  0.001 |
Glucose, mmol/L | 5.13 (1.43) | 4.90 (1.22) | Â |
Log Glucose | 1.61 (0.18) | 1.57 (0.17) | <  0.001 |
HOMA-IR | 1.90 (5.11) | 1.67 (2.13) | Â |
log HOMA-IR | 0.33 (0.68) | 0.24 (0.65) | <  0.001 |
ALT (IU/L) | 28.2 (16.3) | 19.3 (10.6) | Â |
Log ALT | 3.23 (0.45) | 2.86 (0.41) | <  0.001 |
GGT (IU/L) | 31.0 (23.8) | 21.8 (17.2) | Â |
Log GGT | 3.27 (0.53) | 2.93 (0.50) | <  0.001 |
Bilirubin (μmol/L) | 11.2 (5.3) | 9.0 (3.8) | <  0.001 |
Albumin (g/L) | 45.9 (2.7) | 44.7 (2.6) | <  0.001 |
C-RP (mg/L) | 2.69 (7.30) | 3.62 (10.08) | Â |
log C-RP | 0.26 (1.18) | 0.54 (1.22) | <  0.001 |
Cancer outcomes | |||
 Non-skin cancer death | 94 (6.0) | 97 (5.5) | 0.514 |
 Non-skin cancer | 304 (19.4) | 284 (16.1) | 0.011 |
 Prostate cancer | 129 (8.2) | – | – |
 Breast cancer | – | 92 (5.2) | – |
 Colorectal cancer | 42 (2.7) | 46 (2.6) | 0.878 |