Fig. 6

Fold change in intracellular a p-AMPK/AMPK ratio, b p-mTOR/mTOR ratio, c p-Akt/Akt ratio levels of HCT-116 cells treated for 24 h and d caspase-3 activity of HCT-116 cells treated for 48 h. The cells were treated with metformin (7 mM), cisplatin (7 μM), cisplatin nano-cubosomes (7 μM) or cisplatin (7 μM)-metformin (7 mM) nano-cubosome combination for 24 h. All data are expressed as mean ± SD of 3 separate experiments. The statistical significance of the results was analyzed using one way ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison test. ^aSignificantly different from control, ^bfrom metformin ^cfrom cisplatin ^dfrom cisplatin nano-cubosomes ^e from cisplatin-metformin nano-cubosomes (P < 0.05)