Fig. 5

Levels of a cellular ATP, b glucose, c AMP/ATP ratio, d LDH activity, e lactate and f NADPH oxidase activity of HCT-116 cells. The cells were treated with metformin (7 mM), cisplatin (7 μM), cisplatin nano-cubosomes (7 μM) or cisplatin (7 μM)-metformin (7 mM) nano-cubosome combination for 24 h and/or 48 h. All data are expressed as mean ± SD of 3 separate experiments. The statistical significance of the results was analyzed using one way ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison test. ^aSignificantly different from control, ^bfrom metformin ^cfrom cisplatin ^dfrom cisplatin nano-cubosomes ^e from cisplatin-metformin nano-cubosomes (P < 0.05)