Table 1 List of top ten (10) upregulated genes in gnidilatidin-treated B16F10 murine melanoma cells as determined by DNA microarray (Expression ratio of gnidilatidin vs Control)^a

Egr1, early growth response 1

Required for differentiation and mitogenesis; a cancer suppressor gene; activates expression of p53/TP53 and TGFB1, and thereby helps prevent tumor formation.

Zfp36, zinc finger protein 36

Plays a role in the regulation of keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis;

Plays a role as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting cell proliferation in breast cancer cells.

Fos, FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene Junb, Jun-B oncogene

FOS proteins have been implicated as regulators of cell proliferation, differentiation, and transformation;

Transcription factor involved in regulating gene activity following the primary growth factor response

Nr4a1, nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1

The encoded protein acts as a nuclear transcription factor. Translocation of the protein from the nucleus to mitochondria induces apoptosis; May inhibit NF-kappa-B transactivation of IL2. Participates in energy homeostasis by sequestrating the kinase STK11 in the nucleus, thereby attenuating cytoplasmic AMPK activation.

Ier2, immediate early response 2

DNA-binding protein that seems to act as a transcription factor; Involved in the regulation of neuronal differentiation, acts upon JNK-signaling pathway activation and plays a role in neurite outgrowth in hippocampal cells.

Sgk1, serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1

Encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase that plays an important role in cellular stress response. This kinase activates certain potassium, sodium, and chloride channels, suggesting an involvement in the regulation of processes such as cell survival, neuronal excitability, and renal sodium excretion.

Phosphorylates BRAF and MAP3K3/MEKK3 and inhibits their activity.

Cyr61, cystein rich protein 61

Promotes cell proliferation, chemotaxis, angiogenesis and cell adhesion. Appears to play a role in wound healing by up-regulating, in skin fibroblasts, the expression of a number of genes involved in angiogenesis, inflammation and matrix remodeling including VEGA-A, VEGA-C, MMP1, MMP3, TIMP1, uPA, PAI-1 and integrins alpha-3 and alpha-5. CYR61-mediated gene regulation is dependent on heparin-binding.

Vasn, vasorin

May act as an inhibitor of TGF-beta signaling.

Sertad1, SERTA domain containing 1

Stimulates E2F1/TFDP1 transcriptional activity. Renders the activity of cyclin D1/CDK4 resistant to the inhibitory effects of CDKN2A/p16INK4A.