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Table 1 Patient demographics and clinical and tumor characteristics at time of initial HCC diagnosis

From: Validation of insulin-like growth factor-1 as a prognostic parameter in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in a European cohort

Characteristics

n (%)

Total patients included

216 (100)

Age at time of diagnosis (y)

69.6 (61.1; 74.1) a

Sex

 Male

186 (86.1)

 Female

30 (13.9)

Etiology of liver disease

 Alcohol

96 (44.4)

 Viral hepatitis

53 (24.6)

 NASH

18 (8.3)

 Cryptogenic

14 (6.5)

 No liver disease

29 (13.4)

 Other

6 (2.8)

Cirrhosis

 Yes

173 (80.1)

 No

43 (19.9)

BCLC stage

 BCLC 0

0

 BCLC A

36 (16.7)

 BCLC B

25 (11.6)

 BCLC C

111 (51.4)

 BCLC D

44 (20.4)

Tumor grading

 Well

41 (19)

 Moderate

75 (34.7)

 Poor

38 (17.6)

 Missing

62 (28.7)

Tumor size

  ≤ 2 cm

15 (6.9)

 2–5 cm

78 (36.1)

  > 5 cm

82 (38)

 Missing

41 (19)

Tumor nodularity

 Solitary

56 (25.9)

 Multifocal

108 (50)

 Missing

52 (24.1)

Metastasis

 Lymph nodes

19 (8.8)

 Distant

24 (11.1)

 Missing

173 (80.1)

Intrahepatic vascular invasion

64 (29.6)

Primary therapy

 TACE

87 (40.3)

 Resection

27 (12.5)

 Liver transplantation

5 (2.3)

 Sorafenib

44 (20.4)

 Best supportive care

46 (21.3)

 Others (SIRT, RFA)

7 (3.2)

Serum α-FP (ng/mL)

46.5 (7.2; 1188.3) a

MELD

10 (7; 13) a

Serum IGF-1

43.4 (27.7; 68.6) a

Overall survival (months)

11.38 (4.6; 33.2) a

  1. aData presented as median and interquartile range (IQR)
  2. Abbreviations: BCLC Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer, TACE transarterial chemoembolization, SIRT selective internal radiation therapy, RFA radiofrequency ablation, α-FP α-fetoprotein, MELD Model of end stage liver disease, IGF-1 insulin-like growth factor 1